Page 9 - Journal of Laparoscopic Surgery

WJOLS
WJOLS

10.5005/jp-journals-10033-1210
Laparoscopic Vasectomy vs Laparoscopic Sterilization in Dogs: A Comparison of Two Techniques
OriginaL articLe

Laparoscopic Vasectomy vs Laparoscopic Sterilization in

Dogs: A Comparison of Two Techniques

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1 Anburaja Mahalingam, Naveen Kumar, Swapan Kumar Maiti, Ashok Kumar Sharma, Umesh Dimri
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6 Meena Kataria, Dayamon David Mathew, V Remya, A Mohsina
ABSTRACT Laparoscopic Vasectomy vs Laparoscopic Sterilization in Dogs:
A Comparison of Two Techniques. World J Lap Surg 2014;7(1):
Twelve clinically healthy, adult male dogs randomly equally 7-15.
divided into two groups (I and II). Animals of both the groups
received xylazine-ketamine anesthesia. Laparoscopic bilateral Source of support: Nil
vasectomy was performed in group I, whereas in animals of Conflict of interest: None
group II in additition to vasectomy, spermatic artery-vein plexus
were clipped with titanium clips at a distance of 1 to 2 cm. Insuff-
lation of abdominal cavity was achieved by CO (2 liter/minute) INTRoDUCTIoN
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at 10 mm Hg pressure gradient. Clinical observations revealed
no significant changes. Differential leukocyte count (DLC) Laparoscopic surgery provides a wide field of its extensive
revealed significant neutrophilia and comparative lympho- application particularly in surgical sterilization of different
penia on 3rd postoperative in both groups. Significant increase animal species. Furthermore, high demographic urban and
(p < 0.05) in plasma alkaline and acid phosphatase level was industrial area requires an effective animal birth control pro-
observed on day 3 postoperatively. Indices of oxidative stress viz
lipid peroxidation (LPO), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase gram, which can overcome the problem of hospitalization,
(SOD), reduced glutathione activity and acute phase protein, cerulo- postoperative complications and the overall cost reduction
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plasmin level in plasma did not revealed any major significant of operation. Castration of male dogs by conventional
changes but indicated that oxidative stress was more in group II open method have many disadvantages and postoperative
animals. Plasma cortisol level increased significantly (p < 0.01)
after operation and testosterone level showed gradual decrease complications, such as hemorrhage, wound dehiscence, infec-
(p > 0.05) up to 7th postoperative day in animals of group II. On tions, maggot infestations and scrotal swellings, etc. In a
the basis of the parameters studied, it can be concluded that large scale animal birth control program, the conventional
capnoperitoneum at 10 mm Hg pressure gradient and CO at methods of sterilization requires a long period between
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the flow rate of 2 liter/minute provides optimum visualization capture of dogs and their release due to the time taken for
of intra-abdominal organs and found suitable for laparoscopic
sterilization in male dogs. The laparoscopic vasectomy alone in the surgical wounds to heal. In this aspect, keyhole surgery
male dogs was found comparatively quick, less time consuming or laparoscopic surgery can revolutionize the entire program,
and can be successfully applied for mass sterilization program. as it needs only very small surgical wound, which usually
Oxidative stress in laparoscopic vasectomy (group I) was less needs no postoperative care or regular dressings. The lapa-
as compared to other group.
roscopic surgery has advantages, like minimal invasiveness
Keywords: Male dogs, Laparoscopic vasectomy, Sterilization, with maximum visibility, shorter surgical time, decreased
Oxidative stress, Lipid peroxidation, Catalase, Superoxide dismu -

tase, Reduced glutathione, Acute phase proteins. postoperative discomfort and pain, less incidences of infec-
tion, uncomplicated healing with minimal scarring and
How to cite this article: Mahalingam A, Kumar N, Maiti SK, 2
Sharma AK, Dimri U, Kataria M, Mathew DD, Remya V, Mohsina A. minimal surgical morbidity. It also avoids postoperative
complications, such as wound dehiscence, herniation, etc.

1 Postgraduate Scholar, 2-4,6 Principal Scientist and reduces the surgical stress to animal as well as recurring
5 Head, 7-9 PhD Scholar cost of each surgery. Therefore, the present study was under-
1-4,7-9 Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute taken to compare laparoscopic vasectomy and laparoscopic
Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India sterilization, i.e. vasectomy plus clipping of spermatic artery
5 Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, vein plexus, using clinical, hematobiochemical parameters
Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India and parameters related to stress.
6 Division of Biochemistry and Food Sciences, Indian Veterinary
Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
MATeRIALS AND MeThoDS
Corresponding Author: Naveen Kumar, Principal Scientist
Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar- The study was conducted on 12 clinically healthy, adult
243122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India, Phone: 91-581 2302870 male dogs having body weights of 13.0 to 18.5 kg (15.10
Fax: 91-581 2303284, e-mail: naveen.ivri1961@gmail.com
± 0.68) and of age 20 to 28 months (24.57 ± 1.56). The
World Journal of Laparoscopic Surgery, January-April 2014;7(1):7-15 7