Page 13 - Journal of Laparoscopic Surgery

WJOLS

Laparoscopic Vasectomy vs Laparoscopic Sterilization in Dogs: A Comparison of Two Techniques
an operator can see details of the organ surface (structures induction was more rapid (5 minutes or less) in the dog. Drug
about 1.0 mm and less), he can avoid the blood sinus and so tolerance was good with this combination even following
prevent the undesirable bleeding. The laparoscopy requires frequent administrations requiring serial laparoscopy. Wildt
12
minor surgical intervention and it provides the only available et al successfully used this combination of anesthesia for
practical means of making repeated direct observation of the sterilization of male dog by laparoscopic occlusion of
11
abdominal viscera. Control of pain and stress being the the ductus deferens.
beneficial aspects of minimally invasive surgery are impor-
tant factors for treatment of veterinary surgical patients. Intraoperative and Postoperative observations
Researchers are continually looking for more progressive During laparoscopic sterilization in animals of groups I and
and less stressful surgical way for sterilization in dogs. In II, CO pneumoperitoneum or capnoperitoneum was esta-
2
the adult dog, intra-abdominal bilateral occlusion of ductus blished at 10 mm Hg pressure gradients intra-abdominally.
deferens using laparoscopy and electrocoagulation resulted The pressure gradient of 10 mm Hg and higher is required
in the immediate absence of motile spermatozoa from the to conduct a laparoscopic surgery and has been reported
ejaculate in long-term without increasing the occurrence of by other workers in recent literatures. 13-15 The initial flow
12
variant postsurgical effects. rate of carbon dioxide at 2 l/minute was found sufficient to
In the present study, the laparoscopic procedure was achieve capnoperitoneum. Subsequently, after trocariza-
conducted under xylazine and ketamine general anesthesia. tion, the capnoperitoneum maintained by inflation of CO
2
Both, induction as well as recovery from general anesthesia at a flow rate of 2 l/minute. This pressure and flow rate
11
was smooth and uneventful in all the animals. Wildt et al provided adequate inflation and excellent working space.
used this combination of anesthesia for direct observation of Maintenance of flow of CO compensated the loss of CO
2
2
internal organs of dogs using laparoscopy. They found that through the various ports during surgery. The findings
Table 2: Mean ± SE values of alkaline phosphatase (U/L) and acid phosphatase (U/L) recorded at different time intervals
Parameters Groups Before Immediately after Day 1 Day 3 Day 5 Day 7
operation operation PO PO PO PO
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) I 11.37 ± 2.33 11.93 ± 1.68 10.89 ± 1.38 32.87 ± 3.97** 15.35 ± 4.76 9.77 ± 0.50
II 9.71 ± 0.73 10.61 ± 0.58 9.87 ± 0.18 30.15 ± 2.37** 11.62 ± 0.50 10.66 ± 0.54
Acid phosphatase (U/L) I 1.65 ± 0.03 1.69 ± 0.03 1.83 ± 0.02* 1.73 ± 0.03 1.72 ± 0.02 1.66 ± 0.03
II 1.78 ± 0.04 1.80 ± 0.04 1.83 ± 0.04* 1.82 ± 0.03 1.67 ± 0.06 1.70 ± 0.03
*Differ significantly (p < 0.05) from base values (before operation); **Differ significantly (p < 0.01) from base values (before operation)
Table 3: Mean ± SE values of lipid peroxidation, catalase, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione and ceruloplasmin recorded at
different time intervals
Parameters Groups Before Immediately after Day 1 Day 3 Day 5 Day 7
operation operation PO PO PO PO
Lipid I 4.92 ± 0.37 6.10 ± 0.67 6.77 ± 1.33 5.74 ± 0.97 5.23 ± 0.76 4.72 ± 0.83
peroxidation II 5.32 ± 0.22 5.74 ± 0.24 6.26 ± 0.17 6.00 ± 0.26 5.33 ± 0.30 4.87 ± 0.27
(nM/ml packed
RBCs)
Catalase I 573.80 ± 164.2 1031.11 ± 137.2 **a 1555.88 ± 273.3 **a 960.01 ± 126.5* 573.80 ± 51.1 486.21 ± 30.2
(nM H O II 794.43d ± 164.2 1324.16 ± 137.2 **b 1246.91 ± 273.3 **b 1004.11 ± 126.5* 805.53 ± 51.1 617.94 ± 30.2
2
2
utilized/min/ml
packed RBCs)
Superoxide I 0.11 ± 0.01 0.07 ± 0.01 0.07 ± 0.02 0.10 ± 0.02 0.11 ± 0.01 0.13 ± 0.01
dismutase (mg/ II 0.08 ± 0.00 0.05 ± 0.02 0.07 ± 0.01 0.05 ± 0.01 0.06 ± 0.01 0.08 ± 0.01
inhibition of
50% auto-
oxidation of
pyrogallol)
Reduced I 0.26 ± 0.02 0.28 ± 0.02 0.34 ± 0.01* 0.30 ± 0.01 0.28 ± 0.01 0.27 ± 0.02
glutathione II 0.20 ± 0.03 0.26 ± 0.03 0.29 ± 0.03 0.29 ± 0.02 0.25 ± 0.03 0.21 ± 0.03
(mM/ml packed
RBCs)
Ceruloplasmin I 0.32 ± 0.02 0.36 ± 0.03 0.42 ± 0.07 0.33 ± 0.05 0.31 ± 0.04 0.30 ± 0.02
(gm/liter) II 0.30 ± 0.03 0.35 ± 0.03 0.37 ± 0.02 0.38 ± 0.03 0.34 ± 0.02 0.31 ± 0.03
Means with different superscripts (a, b) differ significantly (p < 0.05) within the group; *Differ significantly (p < 0.05) from base values
(before operation); **Differ significantly (p < 0.01) from base values (before operation)
World Journal of Laparoscopic Surgery, January-April 2014;7(1):7-15 11