Page 15 - Journal of Laparoscopic Surgery

WJOLS

Laparoscopic Vasectomy vs Laparoscopic Sterilization in Dogs: A Comparison of Two Techniques
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in response to tissue trauma and inflammation. However, Superoxide dismutase
22
on the contrary, Earley and Crowe reported that surgical In the present study, SOD activity was significantly lower in
castration did not affect any of the hematological parameters group II upto 3rd postoperative day, but it reached to base
from day 0 to 3 after surgery and indicate that the health of values on 5th postoperative day. The SOD, an antioxidant
the animals was not compromised. enzyme it catalyzes the conversion of superoxide anion
Alkaline phosphatase is a zinc metalloenzymes present
in most of the tissues and having very high sensitivity in the radicals into hydrogen preroxide and oxygen molecule.
The decreased SOD after operation attributed to decreased
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dog in comparison to the cat. In the present study, plasma LPO in this group. Fridovich reported that the increased
28
ALP level in animals of both the groups were within the activity of SOD dismutases the superoxides and results in
normal limit. But, significant increase (p < 0.05) in this the generation of H O , which is decomposed by CAT into
enzyme was observed on 3rd postoperative day in both the H O and O . 2 2
groups. Increase may be attributed to tissue injury as a result 2 2
of ischemia reperfusion induced oxidative stress in liver Reduced glutathione
24
and kidney following capnoperitoneum. It returned to the
base level values on 7th day of operation. Acid phosphatase In both the groups a significant increase in the reduced gluta-
activity derived from lysosomal compartment of cells, thione was observed immediately after operation and on 1st
26
predominantly in bone and some extent in other cells, like postoperative day. Bisla et al also reported a significant
25
platelets, erythrocyte and spleen. A significant increase increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), a main indicator of
of plasma ACP was observed on 1st and 3rd postoperative lipid peroxidation, GSH and oxidative stress factor (OSF)
day. As there was no significant change between the groups, occurred after herniorrhaphy in buffaloes. Enhanced expres-
so the changes in serum ACP levels could not be correlated sion of GSH-dependent enzyme GPx has been documented
with the type of tissue injury occurred in both the groups to inhibit ROS-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer
29
because it is a weak marker of soft tissue injury. cell lines Gouaze et al . Reduced glutathione was required
for the disposal of H O from erythrocytes by a reaction
2
2
estimation of oxidative Stress catalyzed by GPx. This reaction was important because
accumulation of H O might decrease the lifespan of erythro-
2
2
A mild, transient increase in LPO was observed in both cytes by increasing the rate of oxidation of hemoglobin to
groups after operation up to 3rd postoperative days. The methemoglobin. The present study showed that enhanced
values returned to base level on 7th postoperative day in all production of reduced glutathione occurred in both the
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the groups. Bisla et al also reported significant increase groups in order to prevent oxidative stress due to different
in lipid peroxidation values after herniorrhaphy in buffa- surgical procedures made on these animals.
loes. In both the groups, the catalase activity significantly
increased on 1st and 3rd postoperative day. This showed Ceruloplasmin
that the production of catalase as an antioxidant enzyme
against reactive oxygen species (ROS) enhanced by The ceruloplasmin level in plasma remained elevated nonsigni-
increased lipid peroxidation. Comparatively, the catalase ficantly up to 7th postoperative day in all the groups. Conner
30
activity was significantly higher in group II on 1st day et al also reported increase ceruloplasmin level in plasma
postoperatively. Whereas in group I, significant increase was after surgical trauma due to acute phase inflammatory process
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observed immediately after operation. The result of the present in the dog. Solter et al reported that haptoglobin and cerulo-
study was supported with findings of Kumaraguruparan plasmin have greater sensitivity as determinants of inflamma-
27
et al. The increase in lipid peroxidation was accompanied tion in dogs. Acute phase proteins (APPs) level increases in the
by an enhanced antioxidant status, and also the SOD and circulation after surgery and its associated tissue damage 32,33
CAT provide the first line of defence against ROS-induced and are particularly associated with inflammation. 34
damage. The increase in catalase level indicates that these
enzymes were not utilized against H O because the produc- hormonal estimation
2
2
tion of these radical from superoxide radical lowered due to Surgically induced stress responses are evoked by noci-
decreased activity of SOD. However, the catalase level was cep tive afferent activity induced by tissue damage and

significantly higher in group II indicating more oxidative manipulation, even in patients that are receiving adequate
35
stress. The increased activity of SOD dismutases the super general anesthesia. A significant increase (p < 0.05) in
oxides produced and results in the generation of H O , which plasma cortisol was observed immediately after operation
2
2
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is decomposed by CAT into H O and O . in both the groups. It might be attributed to the effect of
2
2
World Journal of Laparoscopic Surgery, January-April 2014;7(1):7-15 13