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                                                                             Telerobotic Surgery: Transcending Barriers















































                                        Fig. 2: Necessary elements of a telerobotic surgery team


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          being carried on. The world’s first human operation   be improved in the foreseeable future. Although robot-
          was a cyst removed from a patient’s arm, on board the  assisted remote telesurgery is feasible, more prospective
          European Space Agency’s Airbus A-300 Zero-G aircraft.  randomized trials evaluating efficacy and safety must
          The plane performed 25 parabolic curves, providing  be undertaken to revolutionize and change health care
          20 to 25 s of weightlessness every time. NASA carried  delivery and the field of surgery.
          out its first zero-gravity robotic surgery experiment in
          September 2007. On a DC-9 aircraft, suturing tasks were   REFERENCES
          performed using the M7 robot and results were analyzed.
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                                                                  telesurgery. Cir Cir 2013 Jul-Aug;81(4):265-268.
          to extreme environments; however, advanced robotic     2.  Kwoh YS, Hou J, Jonckheere EA, Hayati S. A robot with
          solutions performed comparably.                         improved absolute positioning accuracy for CT guided
                                                                  stereotactic brain surgery. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1988
          CONCLUSION                                              Feb;35(2):153-160.
                                                                3.  Harris SJ, Arambula-Cosio F, Mei Q, Hibberd RD, Davies BL,
          Telerobotic surgery has the potential to change the land-  Wickham JE, Nathan MS, Kundu B. The PROBOT – an active
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                                                                  Feb;211(4):317-325.
          advanced surgical care to patients even in farthest of     4.  Marescaux J, Leroy J, Rubino F, Smith M, Vix M, Simone M,
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          becomes possible with telerobotic surgery. Through      gery: feasibility and potential applications. Ann Surg 2002
          telementoring experienced surgeons can mentor and       Apr;235(4):487-492.
          guide new surgeons to perform even complex surgeries     5.  Xu S, Perez M, Yang K, Perrenot C, Felblinger J, Hubert J.
                                                                  Determination of the latency effects on surgical performance
          with confidence. Major limitations of telerobotic surgery   and the acceptable latency levels in telesurgery using the
          at present are its high cost and time latency, which can   dV-Trainer simulator. Surg Endosc 2014 Sep;28(9):2569-2576.
          World Journal of Laparoscopic Surgery, May-August 2017;10(2):57-60                                59
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