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Elective Cholecystectomy during COVID-19
            patients were reviewed by their GP postoperatively for a wound  Clinical Significance
            infection, and nausea. There were no bile leaks or bile duct injuries.   This small study provides some evidence to aid decision-making
            There were no deaths within 30 days of surgery. Four patients had a   around the provision of elective surgical services during this
            cholecystostomy drain in-situ at the time of surgery. All procedures   ongoing pandemic.
            were completed laparoscopically. Forty-two (78%) procedures were
            performed by a supervised trainee.                 Statement of Ethics
                                                               Ethics committee approval was not required as this study was
            dIscussIon                                         approved by the University Hospitals Plymouth Research and
            A survey of over 1,700 surgeons in June 2020 in the UK showed that   Development Department as a service evaluation.
            only 33% had been unable to undertake any elective surgery during
            the previous 4 weeks, and only 57% of general surgeons who had  Author Contributions
                                                        8
            recommenced were performing surgery for benign disease.  While   DC/TW/GS/AA/LH/RJ designed the study, data collection and
            recovery of elective surgical services is now underway in many   analysis performed by RJ/AM. Article written by RJ. All authors
            areas, further suspension or reductions have become necessary   revised and approved the final version.
            over the periods of local or national lockdown, and this is likely to
            continue for some time. With the effects of the ongoing vaccination
            program yet to be determined, we must consider how to safely  references
            maintain elective services during the ongoing pandemic.    1.  Collaborative CO. Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients
               At the time of writing, this was the first UK study to report   undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an
            outcomes for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy during the   international cohort study. Lancet 2020;396(10243):27–38. DOI:
            COVID-19 pandemic. The principal findings of this study were that   10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31182-X.
            laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be performed safely with the     2.  Stahel PF. How to risk-stratify elective surgery during the COVID-19
            necessary precautions in an area with a relatively low infection rate.  pandemic? Patient Saf Surg 2020;14:8. DOI: 10.1186/s13037-020-
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               This observational study has potential limitations, including     3.  Collaborative CO. Global guidance for surgical care during the
            the potential for selection bias. At the beginning of the study   COVID-19 pandemic. Br J Surg 2020;107(9):1097. DOI: 10.1002/
            period, there was reluctance from many patients to accept offers   bjs.11646.
            of a date for elective surgery, citing their fears about contracting     4.  Bhogal RH, Patel PH, Doran SLF, et  al. Approach to upper
            COVID-19. This cohort of patients could have included older, more   GastroIntestinal cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic–
            comorbid patients, however, our day-case and readmission rates   experience from a UK cancer centre. Eur J Surg Oncol 2020;46(11):
            for the unit were unchanged. Uptake did increase throughout the   2156–2157. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2020.05.022.
            study period, and our usual practices were followed when booking     5.  Chew MH, Chau KC, Koh FH, et al. Safe operating room protocols
            patients from the urgent waiting list for surgery. Five patients were   during the COVID-19 pandemic. Br J Surg 2020;107(9):e292–e293.
                                                                    DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11721.
            not contactable postoperatively and we were, therefore, unable to     6.  Mowbray NG, Ansell J, Horwood J, et al. Safe management of surgical
            exclude the possibility that they were diagnosed with COVID-19 in   smoke in the age of COVID-19. Br J Surg 2020;107(11):1406–1413. DOI:
            the community, or had morbidity not requiring hospital admission.   10.1002/bjs.11679.
            Although this is a relatively small cohort with limited follow-up,      7.  Francis N, Dort J, Cho E, et al. SAGES and EAES recommendations for
            we felt that it was important to report our outcomes from the first   minimally invasive surgery during COVID-19 pandemic. Surg Endosc
            3 months of the pandemic to provide evidence to support the   2020;34(6):2327–2331. DOI: 10.1007/s00464-020-07565-w.
            resumption and continuation of elective surgery.     8.  England RCoSo. Elective surgery during COVID-19. 2020.
               The main factors that allowed us to continue with urgent     9.  England RCoSo. Recovery of surgical services during and after
            elective surgery were the relatively low rate of COVID-19 infection   COVID-19.  2020.  Available  from:  https://www.rcseng.ac.uk/
                                                                    coronavirus/recovery-of-surgical-services/#s1.
            in our population and hospital, access to preoperative testing,     10.  Joint statement: roadmap for resuming elective surgery after
            and adequate supplies of PPE. In addition, there had been no   COVID-19 pandemic [press release]. April 2020.
            redeployment of surgical consultants or trainees to other areas.     11.  Collaborative CO. Elective surgery cancellations due to the
            We were able to resume our normal capacity of five all-day theater     COVID-19 pandemic: global predictive modelling to inform surgical
            lists per week after 8 weeks.                           recovery plans. Br J Surg 2020;107(11):1440–1449. DOI: 10.1002/
                                                                    bjs.11746.
            conclusIon                                           12.  NICE. Costing statement: gallstone disease. Implementing the NICE
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            pandemic in the UK, the prolonged nature of this pandemic with   in your area? 2020. Available from: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/
            fluctuating local case numbers and several national lockdown   uk-51768274.
            periods requires flexibility in the provision of elective surgical     14.  Statistics OoN. Deaths involving COVID-19. 2020. Available from:
            services. Policies should be driven locally taking into consideration   https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/
            the rate of new COVID-19 cases, testing capacity, adequate PPE   birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/bulletins/deathsinvolvingcovid19
            supply, and availability of essential perioperative services. 9,10   bylocalareasanddeprivation/deathsoccurringbetween1march
                                                                    and31may2020.
            This study has shown that laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be     15.  Dindo D, Demartines N, Clavien PA. Classification of surgical
            performed safely during the COVID-19 pandemic with the necessary   complications: a new proposal with evaluation in a cohort of 6336
            precautions, and surgical training maintained, in areas with a low   patients and results of a survey. Ann Surg 2004;240(2):205–213. DOI:
            prevalence of COVID-19.                                 10.1097/01.sla.0000133083.54934.ae.



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