Page 49 - World Journal of Laparoscopic Surgery
P. 49

Laparoscopic versus Open Repair of Inguinal Hernia

            with unilateral hernia who desire a minimal period of  CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
            postoperative disability. 20                       Laparoscopic hernia repair is safe and provide less
               Open hernia repair requires an incision at the point of
            maximum weakness, dividing of muscle and then suturing to  postoperative morbidity in experienced hands and definitely
                                                               has many advantages over open repair. For bilateral and
            repair the defect. This damage must heal before the wound  recurrent inguinal hernias laparoscopic approach is
            become comfortable. Type of anesthetic used to affect the repair  recommended. Nowadays for primary inguinal hernia also it is
            does not affect the period of discomfort. In a laparoscopic repair  recommended. For sliding hernia also TAPP is the preferred
            no incision is made in the groin. The small wounds which are  approach.
            made heal rapidly and have been shown to cause negligible  The final word on hernia will probably never be written.
            postoperative pain. Further mesh is placed inside the groin  In collecting, assimilating and distilling the wisdom of today
            muscle in the preperitoneal layer and this seems a more logical  we must provide a base from which further advances may be
            position to prevent peritoneal contents bulging out of a muscle  made. 21
            defect than placing a mesh on the outside of the defect.
            Laparoscopic repair has no surgical weakness postoperatively.  REFERENCES
               NICE guidelines on laparoscopic hernia repair have been
            updated in September 2004.                           1. Spivak H, Nudelman I, Fuco V. Laparoscopic extraperitoneal
                                                                    inguinal hernia repair with spinal anaesthesia and nitrous oxide
            As Per current Guidelines                               insufflations. Surg Endosc 1999;10:1026.
                                                                 2. Surgical options in inguinal hernia: Which is the best?
            1. Patient should be given a choice of open and laparoscopic  Bhattacharjee Prosanta Kumar. J MAS.2006;68(4):191-200.
               repair of hernia in all suitable cases i.e., even in primary  3. Ramakrishna HK IJS.2004;66,249-50.
               unilateral inguinal hernias.                      4. Mishra RK. Complications of Laparoscopic Surgery. Current
            2. Laparoscopic hernia repair should be performed only by  Medical Journal of India 2004;10(3) June.
               appropriately trained surgeons.                   5. Phillips EH, et al. Incidence of complications following
            3. Patients should be told about TAPP and TEP repair and  laparoscopic hernioplasty. Surg Endosc 1995;9(1):16-21.
               their risks so, they choose an appropriate procedure.  6. Felix E, Harbertson N, Vartanian S. Laparoscopic hernioplasty.
            4. For repair of recurrent and bilateral inguinal hernia,  Surg Endosc 1999;13:328-31.
               laparoscopic repair should be considered.         7. Kumar S, et al. Chronic pain after laparoscopic and open mesh
            5. When laparoscopic surgery is undertaken for inguinal  repair of groin hernia. Br J Surg 2002;89(11):1476-9.
               hernia, the totally extraperitoneal (TEP) procedure should  8. Poobalan AS, et al. A review of chronic pain after inguinal
               be preferred.                                        herniorrhaphy. Clin J Pain 2003;19(1):48-54.
                                                                 9. Wantz GE. Testicular atrophy and chronic residual neuralgia as
            RECOMMENDATION                                          risks of inguinal hernioplasty. Surg Clin North Am 1993;73:571-
                                                                    81.
            The important points to be kept in mind during the surgery are:  10. Becker N, et al. Pain epidemiology and health related quality of
            •  After dissecting direct sac, all peritoneal adhesions around  life in chronic nonmalignant pain patients referred to a Danish
               the margin of the defect should be meticulously lysed.  multidisciplinary pain center. Pain 1997;73:393-400.
            •  Always search for an indirect sac, even if a direct hernia has  11. Liem MS, et al. Comparison of conventional anterior surgery
               been reduced.                                        and laparoscopic surgery for inguinal-hernia repair. N Engl J
            •  Reflect the peritoneum off the cord completely.      Med 1997;336(22):1541-7.
            •  Place an adequate size mesh to cover the myopectineal orifice  12. Chowbey Pradeep K, Pithawala Murtaza, Khullar Rajesh, Sharma
               completely, preferably the size of 15 × 15 cm.       Anil, Soni Vandana, Baijal Manish. Complications in groin hernia
            •  The lower margin of the mesh must be comfortably placed -  surgery and the way out. J MAS 2006;2(3):174-77.
               medially in the retropubic space and laterally over the psoas  13. McCormack K, et al. Laparoscopic techniques versus open
               muscle.                                              techniques for inguinal hernia repair. Cochrane Database Syst
            •  Perform a 2-point fixation of the mesh on the medial aspect  Rev 2003;(1):CD001785.
               over the Cooper’s ligament.                      14. Kukleta Jan F Klinik Im Park, Zurich. Causes of recurrence in
            •  Avoid cutting of the mesh over the cord. This weakens the  laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. Switzerland. J MAS
               mesh and provides a potential site for recurrence.   2006;2(3):187-91.
            •  Ensure adequate hemostasis prior to placing the mesh.  15. Schmedt CG, et al. Simultaneous bilateral laparoscopic inguinal
            •  The most important factor is the adequate training and  hernia repair: an analysis of 1336 consecutive cases at a single
               learning of the right technique.                     center. Surg Endosc 2002;16(2):240-4.


                                                             47
   44   45   46   47   48   49   50   51   52   53   54