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Single-port Splenectomy for a Cyst with High CA 19-9
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            CA 19-9 blood levels.  For this reason, the current trend for these   clinicAl significAnce
            tumors with a CA 19-9 increase is the least invasive surgery instead
            of laparotomic access given the benignity of the similar cases   When facing this pathology, we must bear in mind that benign
            reported with a CA 19-9 elevation. 5               epithelial and mesothelial cysts can produce an increase of CA 19-9
               Differential diagnosis should be made with congenital cysts,   blood levels, without indicating malignancy. So, we should try to
            infection by parasites, cystic neoplasms of the tail of the pancreas,   make a surgical intervention as less invasive as possible.
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            and previous splenic trauma.  There are described some cases of
                                                            9 references
                                         8
            primary splenic cystadenocarcinomas  and splenic lymphomas
            that course like a splenic cyst. Although they usually look like solid     1.  Robbins FG, Yellin AE, Lingua RW, et al. Splenic epidermoid cysts. Ann
            lesions, hemorrhagic phenomena and necrotic degenerations can   Surg 1978;187(3):231–235. DOI: 10.1097/00000658-197803000-00002.
            cause them to acquire a cystic appearance. 10        2.  Qureshi MA, Hafner CD. Clinical manifestations of splenic cysts study
                                                                    of 75 cases. Ann Surg 1965;31:605–608.
               Surgical treatment is indicated when they are symptomatic,     3.  Rabushka LS, Kawashima A, Fishman EK. Imaging of the spleen:
                                                     11
            have a size greater than 5 cm or complications appear.  The gold   CT with supplemental MR examination. Radiographics 1994;14(2):
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            standard is total splenectomy  although, partial splenectomy,   307–332. DOI: 10.1148/radiographics.14.2.8190956.
                                                            13
            marsupialization or fenestration of the cyst, can also be performed.      4.  Ito S, Gejyo F. Elevation of serum CA19-9 levels in benign diseases. Intern
            Partial splenectomy could be performed for maintaining immunity   Med. 1999;38(11):840–841. DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.38.840.
            against encapsulated bacteria although, the incidence after     5.  Ingle SB, Hinge Ingle CR, Patrike S. Epithelial cysts of the spleen: a
            splenectomies has decreased due to vaccination against these   minireview. World J Gastroenterol 2014;20(38):13899–13903. DOI:
                                                                    10.3748/wjg.v20.i38.13899.
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            pathogens;  however, this procedure presents some risks such     6.  Terada T, Yasoshima M, Yoshimitsu Y, et al. Carbohydrate antigen 19-9
            as intraoperative and postoperative hemorrhage and cystic   producing giant epithelial cyst of the spleen in a young woman. J Clin
                    14
            recurrence.  For asymptomatic splenic cyst smaller than 5 cm, a   Gastroenterol 1994;18(1):57–61. DOI: 10.1097/00004836-199401000-00014.
            close follow-up is recommended, since cases of spontaneous cystic      7.  Brauner E, Person B, Ben-Ishay O, et al. Huge splenic cyst with
            regressions have been described. 15                     high level of CA 19-9: the rule or the exception? Isr Med Assoc J
               There are cases of splenic cysts resected by open laparotomy   2012;14(11):710–711.
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            or by laparoscopic access if they are not large.  Laparoscopic     8.  Morinaga S, Ohyama R, Koizumi J. Low-grade mucinous
            splenectomy has proven to be a safe procedure, with advantages   cystadenocarcinoma in the spleen. Am J Surg Pathol 1992;16(9):
                                                                    903–908. DOI: 10.1097/00000478-199209000-00009.
            over open approaches, such as a reduction in hospital stay, less     9.  Takabe K, Al-Refaie W, Chin B, et al. Can large B-cell lymphoma mimic
            postoperative pain, and a faster postoperative recovery. 17  cystic lesions of the spleen? Int J Gastrointest Cancer 2005;35(1):
               Therefore, the current trend in the management of splenic cysts   83–88. DOI: 10.1385/IJGC:35:1:083.
            with a CA 19-9 increase and benign radiological characteristics     10.  Kaza RK, Azar S, Al-Hawary MM, et al. Primary and secondary
            is minimally invasive surgery whenever possible. In this case, we   neoplasms of the spleen. Cancer Imaging. 2010;10(1):173–182. DOI:
            adopted a combined approach with the aspiration of the cyst and   10.1102/1470-7330.2010.0026.
            subsequent splenectomy by a single port, which becomes a valid     11.  Kenney CD, Hoeger YE, Yetasook AK, et al. Management of
            approach for most of the cysts with these characteristics. In the   nonparasitic splenic cysts: does size really matter? J Gastrointest
            literature review, we have not found splenic cyst cases handled   Surg 2014;18:1658–1663. DOI: 10.1007/s11605-014-2545-x.
            with the help of the single port.                    12.  Meimarakis G, Grigolia G, Loehe F, et al. Surgical management of
                                                                    splenic echinococcal disease. Eur J Med Res 2009;14:165–170. DOI:
                                                                    10.1186/2047-783X-14-4-165.
                                                                 13.  Hansen MB, Moller AC. Splenic cysts. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan
            conclusion                                              Tech 2004;14(6):316–322. DOI: 10.1097/01.sle.0000148463.24028.0c.
                                                                 14.  Palmieri I, Natale E, Crafa F, et al. Epithelial splenic cysts. Anticancer
            There is a tendency to perform surgical interventions less invasive   Res. 2005;25(1B):515–522.
            due to the lower surgical aggressiveness and a decrease in the     15.  Stoidis CN, Spyropoulos BG, Misiakos EP, et al. Spontaneous regression
            associated morbidity. In pathologies such as the clinical case   of a true splenic cyst: a case report and review of the literature. Cases
            provided, we should try to make a surgical intervention as less   J 2009;2:8730. DOI: 10.4076/1757-1626-2-8730.
            invasive as possible, despite the large size of the lesion. In our case,     16.  Bresadola V, Pravisani R, Terrosu G, et al. Elevated serum CA 19-9
            we successfully performed the surgical intervention of a giant   level associated with a splenic cyst: which is the actual clinical
                                                                    management? Review of the literature. Ann Ital Chir 2015;86(1):22–29.
            splenic cyst, using the advantages of laparoscopic surgery and a     17.  Mitolo CI, Vincenti L, Stabile-Ianora AA, et al. Total cyst excision by
            single port, which helped us in the extraction of the piece.  laparoscopic splenic resection. Surg Endosc 2001;15:219.



















            132   World Journal of Laparoscopic Surgery, Volume 12 Issue 3 (September–December 2019)
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