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Laparoscopic Ureterolysis without Omentoplasty
               In an average follow-up period of 31.2 months (25–63), all   Even though this report is a retrospective study and the number
            patients are asymptomatic, with an average creatinine of 1.52   of cases is low, it shows that LUWI without omentoplasty is feasible
            (0.9–2.1) with a renal scintigraphy without an obstructive pattern.   with good results in the medium-term follow-up.
            No patients required neither corticosteroid therapy nor dialysis
            after surgery.                                     conclusIon
                                                               Laparoscopic ureterolysis with intraperitonealization without
            dIscussIon                                         omentoplasty is a safe and feasible surgical option and provides

            Obstructive uropathy related to IRF is an uncommon but severe   good results in medium-term, follow-up in patients, with IRF as we
            disease that may cause renal loss with dialysis requirement. Prompt   described in our case series.
            diagnosis and appropriate treatment may prevent terminal kidney
                  1,2
            disease.  However, there is no standardized treatment. 3,4  references
               In patients with OU associated with IRF, as discussed in our cases,     1.  Tzou M, Gazeley DJ, Mason PJ. Retroperitoneal fibrosis. Vasc Med
            there are two treatment options: medical treatment (corticosteroids   2014;19(5):407–414. DOI: 10.1177/1358863X14546160.
            or methotrexate or tamoxifen or the combination of these drugs)     2.  Miller OF, Smith LJ, Ferrara EX, et al. Presentation of idiopathic
            with or without urinary stent or urinary stenting followed by a SUWI   retroperitoneal fibrosis in the pediatric population. J Pediatr Surg
                                                                    2003;38(11):1685–1688. DOI: 10.1016/S0022-3468(03)00590-6.
            with or without corticosteroid therapy. 4,10,11      3.  Hernández Fernández C, Subirá Rios D, Moralejo Gárate M, et al.
               Medical treatment with urinary stenting demonstrated a   Laparoscopic treatment of retroperitoneal fibrosis. Arch Esp Urol
                                             10
            success rate between 53% and 75%. Fry et al.  reported a success   2017;70(4):468–474.
            rate of 75% in 24 patients treated with prednisone associated with a     4.  O’Brien T, Fernando A. Contemporary role of ureterolysis in
            urinary stent for 13.7 months. But, after a follow-up of 60.9 months,   retroperitoneal fibrosis: treatment of last resort or first intent? An
                  11
            Ilie et al.  reported that only 54% of the patients were either free   analysis of 50 cases. BJU Int 2017;120(4):556–561. DOI: 10.1111/bju.
            of corticosteroids therapy or urinary stent. These data indicate that   13915.
            patients treated medically require a urinary stent for long periods     5.  Duchene DA, Winfield HN, Cadeddu JA, et al. Multi-institutional
            of time, which is associated with huge morbidity.       survey of laparoscopic ureterolysis for retroperitoneal fibrosis.
                                                                    Urology 2007;69(6):1017–1021. DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2007.02.004.
               Open ureterolysis with intraperitonealization or LUWI has     6.  Simone G, Leonardo C, Papalia R, et al. Laparoscopic ureterolysis
            shown success rates between 83% and 100%. 3–9  O’Brien and   and omental wrapping. Urology 2008;72(4):853–858. DOI: 10.1016/
                   4
            Fernando  performed a prospective analysis of 50 patients who   j.urology.2008.06.011.
            underwent OUWI and showed a 94% success of urinary stent free      7.  Elashry OM, Nakada SY, Wolf Jr JS, et al. Ureterolysis for extrinsic
                                                            5
            without corticosteroid therapy a year after surgery. Duchene et al.    ureteral obstruction: a comparison of laparoscopic and open surgical
            evaluated 73 patients who performed LUWI in a multicenter study   techniques. J Urol 1996;156(4):1403–1410. DOI: 10.1016/S0022-
            and showed an 83% success rate 17.7 months after surgery with or   5347(01)65601-5.
                                                    6
            without adjuvant corticosteroid therapy. Simone et al.  with a few     8.  Srinivasan AK, Richstone L, Permpongkosol S, et al. Comparison of
                                                                    laparoscopic with open approach for ureterolysis in patients with
            patients who underwent LUWI showed a success rate of 100% at   retroperitoneal fibrosis. J Urol 2008;179(5):1875–1878. DOI: 10.1016/
            37.7 months after surgery without adjuvant corticosteroid therapy.  j.juro.2008.01.030.
                                                      7
               When LUWI and OUWI were compared, Elashry et al.  showed     9.  Styn NR, Frauman S, Faeber GJ, et al. University of Michigan
            that patients treated with LUWI had less morbidity, less blood loss,   surgical experience with ureterolysis for retroperitoneal fibrosis: a
            and less hospitalization with similar functional results than OUWI.   comparison of laparoscopic and open surgical approaches. Urology
                        8
            Srinivasan et al.,  in a series of 70 patients, showed that there were   2011;77(2):339–343. DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2010.03.036.
            no differences between the two techniques in the resolution of     10.  Fry AC, Singh S, Gunda SS, et al. Successful use of steroids and
            OU, but patients who underwent LUWI had less blood loss and   ureteric stents in 24 patients with idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis:
                                             9
            less hospitalization. However, Styn et al.,  in his comparative   a retrospective study. Nephron Clin Pract 2008;108(3):213–220. DOI:
                                                                    10.1159/000119715.
            study did not see differences between the two groups in terms of     11.  Ilie CP, Pemberton RJ, Tolley DA. Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis:
            complications or transfusion requirements, but the success rate was   the case for nonsurgical treatment. BJU Int 2006;98(1):137–140. DOI:
            87.5% after OUWI, and 93.8% after LUWI.                 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2006.06210.x.






















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