This video demonstrate basics of Upper and Lower GI Endoscopy. Several types of endoscopes have been developed to examine different parts of the body. Different procedures which use endoscopes that are inserted through a natural opening in the body include: Gastroscopy or upper endoscopy: a gastroscope is inserted into the mouth and used to examine the upper parts of the digestive tract e.g. the oesophagus (food pipe), stomach and first part of the small intestine. Colonoscopy: endoscope is inserted into the anus and used to examine lower parts of the digestive tract e.g. the rectum and colon. Sometimes, a shorter tube is used to examine just the lower part of the colon (the sigmoid colon). This procedure is called a sigmoidoscopy. Complications from an endoscopy are very uncommon. Some people may feel soreness or tenderness after the procedure, but this usually settles quickly. Complications may include: Piercing a hole or tearing in the area being examined. Excessive bleeding. Infection. People who have been sedated may occasionally have some side effects, for example they may feel sick or vomit, feel a burning sensation at the site of the injection, have trouble breathing, or develop low blood pressure or an irregular heartbeat.