This video demonstrate How to do Safe Upper and Lower GI Endoscopy - Lecture by Dr R K Mishra. Endoscopy is a procedure in which the gastro-intestinal tract is viewed through a lighted, flexible endoscope. Small samples of tissues cells (biopsy) can also be collected and sent for testing. There are two basic types of endoscopy. Upper endoscopy – The esophagus, stomach, and small intestines can be viewed by a thin flexible tube inserted through the mouth. Colonoscopy – The lining of the large intestine, colon and rectum can be viewed by a flexible tube inserted through the rectum. Preparation of the patient for endoscopy. Blood tests are sometimes required. Medications can be given by vein if needed. In case of upper GI endoscopy: No food or drink is allowed for six hours before the procedure. An empty stomach allows for the best view and safest exam. In case of Colonoscopy: Drink only clear liquids for at least 24 hours before the procedure. A laxative or special cleansing solution will be ordered by the physician to clear the bowel of stool so that the rectum/intestines can be seen.