The 8th World Congress of Laparoscopic Surgeons (WALS 2025), held on February 8th and 9th, 2025, at The Leela Ambience Gurugram, India, convened leading experts in minimal access surgery to discuss recent advancements and share key lessons in robotic surgery.
This conference underscored the rapid evolution of surgical techniques and technologies, emphasizing the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), the importance of structured training, and the development of non-technical skills.

Integration of Artificial Intelligence in Robotic Surgery

A focal point of WALS 2025 was the exploration of AI's role in enhancing robotic surgery. AI integration promises to revolutionize surgical procedures by improving precision, reducing human error, and personalizing patient care. Key areas where AI is making significant impacts include:

1. Preoperative Planning: AI algorithms can analyze extensive datasets, including patient records and imaging scans, to create tailored surgical plans. This enables surgeons to anticipate potential complications and strategize accordingly.

2. Intraoperative Assistance: During surgeries, AI-powered systems can provide real-time guidance by overlaying critical information onto the surgeon’s field of view, enhancing accuracy. Additionally, AI can monitor vital signs and alert surgeons to anomalies, acting as an additional layer of safety.

3. Autonomous Capabilities: While fully autonomous surgeries are still in development, semi-autonomous features are emerging. For example, AI-driven robots can perform repetitive tasks like suturing, allowing surgeons to focus on more complex aspects of the procedure.

4. Postoperative Insights: AI can analyze surgical outcomes to refine techniques and improve future procedures. By identifying patterns in recovery data, AI aids in recommending personalized rehabilitation plans, thereby reducing complications and readmissions.

These advancements highlight a future where AI and robotic systems work collaboratively with surgeons, enhancing the overall quality of surgical care.

Structured Training and Curriculum Development

The conference also emphasized the necessity of structured training programs to ensure proficiency in robotic surgery. The Fundamentals of Robotic Surgery (FRS) program, for instance, comprises didactic lectures, psychomotor skills labs, and team training activities. This curriculum establishes a validated benchmark, enabling trainees to build their skills systematically. Research indicates that such structured training significantly improves basic robotic skills, underscoring the importance of comprehensive education in this field.

Development of Non-Technical Skills

Beyond technical proficiency, WALS 2025 highlighted the critical role of non-technical skills—such as teamwork, leadership, situational awareness, and decision-making—in surgical success. The presence of robotic systems in operating rooms introduces unique challenges to team communication and risk management. Training tools like Non-Technical Skills for Surgeons (NOTSS) and Oxford NOTECHS II have been identified as effective in developing these essential skills, thereby enhancing overall surgical performance.

Conclusion

WALS 2025 served as a pivotal platform for disseminating key lessons in robotic surgery, particularly concerning the integration of AI, the importance of structured training, and the development of non-technical skills. These insights are instrumental in shaping the future of minimal access surgery, aiming to improve patient outcomes and advance surgical practices globally.