Page 41 - WJOLS - Journal of Laparoscopic Surgery

Juan U González-Tova, Pallikonda S Madhulika

Group II a: Trained to proficiency in lap suturing on an FLS video Group III: Trained until proficiency Perform the task in a constrained Had to listen to OR noise through Had to practice with shorter suture Had to start with a dropped whose tip was facing away from the FLS These four conditions were Laparoscopic suturing was Placement of a ligating loop Simple suture tied with extra and intracorporeal techniques Suturing on the VR

Training tasks trainer model space headphones model introduced gradually assessed Peg transfer Circle cut trainer

Training time For group II average training time was 239 minutes For group III average training time was 329 minutes Average training was 4.7 hours (1.2 SD) 41 reps (10 SD) Lasted 6 days (4 SD) Average time training on the simulator was 450 minutes. Not specified Not specified Unclear

Time between initial assessment and final assessment Retention and transfer tests conducted on same day Average time between baseline and completion of training was 8.4 days Not specified (approximately from 4–5) Mean time between pre and posttraining evaluations was 145 days Not specified 1 week Approximately 10 days

Additional training Assessed on the trainer for retention before being assessed for transfer on Porcine model None None None None None

Simulation intervention FLS video trainer model Simulator MISTELS -Box Trainer MIST-VR -Box trainer SIMENDO VR simulator Guildford MATTU TEP task trainer

Prestudy data collected Demographic data Simulator experience Laparoscopic experience- NASA TLX work load Demographics: Experience with surgery and simulators None Demographic: Perceptual Previous laparoscopic surgery experience None Demographics: Video game ability

Participants 32 medical students: (1) 6 control group, (2) 13 trained group, (3) 13 trained group plus environment al and more complex 15 Novices 16 Surgical residents (PGY1–3) with no prior fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery training: (1) 8 trained, (2) 8 control 22 senior surgical resi- dents (PGY3–6): (1) 11 ability control group, (2) 11 trained group (simula- tion and box trainer) 19 surgical trainees (1st and

(Cont’d…) Citation Stefanidis et al 21 Stefanidis et al 22 Sroka et al 27 Van Sickle et al 24 Verdaasdonk et al 6 Zendejas et al 28 SD: Standard deviation

122