Page 39 - WJOLS - Journal of Laparoscopic Surgery

Juan U González-Tova, Pallikonda S Madhulika (Cont’d…)

7 basic tasks; 3 levels of difficulty Skills for: Instrument navigation— Six tasks simulate the maneuvers performed during a laparoscopic 30° camera navigation; eye– hand coordination; clipping and grasping; cutting; electrocautery; Grasping, lift grasp, cutting right, cutting left, clip application 1 hour of didactics; 2 hours of hands-on teaching in the skills lab with three stations: (1) Suturing pig’s feet; (2) knot tying board;

Training tasks Grasping Tissues—Clip cholecystectomy translocation of objects lap tower navigation transfer, pattern cutting

Table 2: Study participants, prestudy data, simulation, features of training procedures, and assessment
Training time Not specified 3 hours At least 10 repetitions were performed in order to reach proficiency by trainees Maximum of 40 hours in 1 week Not specified, estimated to be approximately 4 hours 10 minutes 30 minutes with faculty member 1-hour sessions. Limit of 10 sessions per difficulty level (3 levels). Had to train to proficiency

Time between initial assessment and final assessment Not specified Final assessment conducted over 4 weeks Not specified Four weeks duration is not specified The first surgery performed within 2 weeks of baseline measurement. The last surgery performed within 6 months of the start 4 months 6 weeks Not reported 3–4 weeks

Additional training None None None None None None Two times till mastery accomplished on all 5 validated laparoscopic simulators None

Simulation intervention LapSim VR MIST-VR Simbionix LapMentor LapSim Task Trainer Laparoscopic BTL Box trainer Psychomotor board testing with a peg board test Endo Tower

Prestudy data collected None None Computer game experience Mental rotation, cognitive tests, verbal working memory, attitude toward simulator Laparoscopic experience Laparoscopic experience Interest in surgical specialty Angled laparoscope Baseline data laparoscopic Pomeroy Bilateral tubal ligation Laparoscopic cases observed or participated in were measured between baseline and performance

Participants 19 novice surgeons 29 fourth-year medical students 19 surgical interns: (1) 10 in the training group, (2) 9 in the control group 13 surgical residents 20 postgraduate year (PGY)1 residents 70 medical students 44 residents (PGY1 and 2); 66 (PGY 3 and 4) 19 third-year medical students: (1) 9 training group, (2) 10 control group

Citation Aggarwal et al 7 Ahlberg et al 5 Andreatta et al 8 Ahlberg et al 23 Banks et al 35 Bennett et al 1 Gala et al 15 Ganai et al 20

120