Page 5 - tmp

Intraoperative Cholangiography vs Laparoscopic Ultrasound
time in LUS compared to IOC (p = 0.001). We carried out a linear table showed a nonsignificant difference between the two modalities
regression analysis to see if there was a correlation between LUS (p = 0.60) (Fig. 3). Similar findings also occurred when evaluating
and IOC regarding time to complete. We found that there was a the two modalities for the accuracy in defining extrahepatic biliary
positive correlation between LUS and IOC for time with Pearson’s ducts (CBD, common hepatic duct (CHD), and cystic duct). LUS
correlation coefficient of 0.4225. This correlation was statistically had a failure rate of 3.77% (2 patients) and a success rate of 96.23%
significant (p-value <0.0016) (Fig. 1). (51 patients), while IOC was successful in 100% of cases (50 patients)
The learning curve was longer for LUS than for IOC. LUS took in defining extrahepatic ducts. Statistical analysis utilizing a 2 × 2
a longer time to complete in the first 30 patients and then started contingency table showed a nonsignificant difference between the
to decline with Pearson’s correlation coefficient of −0.8717 and two modalities (p-value = 0.88) (Fig. 4).
p-value <0.0001 using linear regression analysis. IOC had a less
steep learning curve with time to complete dropping by 20 patients
and Pearson’s correlation coefficient = −0.4788 and p-value <0.0003
using linear regression analysis (Fig. 2).
Accuracy of LUS and IOC in Defining Biliary Tract
Structures
IOC had an accuracy rate of 100% (50 patients) in defining biliary ducts
at the porta hepatis compared to 84.91% (45 patients) for LUS with a
failure rate of 15.09%. Statistical analysis utilizing a 2x2 contingency

Fig. 3: A 2 × 2 contingency table for accuracy analysis between LUS and
2
IOC in defining bile ducts at porta hepatis. X Fisher-exact one-tailed
p-value = 0.60

Fig. 4: A 2 × 2 contingency table for accuracy analysis between LUS
2
Fig. 1: Correlation between LUS time and IOC time. Pearson’s correlation and IOC in defining extrahepatic bile ducts. X Fisher-exact one-tailed
coefficient = 0.4225. p-value <0.0016 using linear regression analysis p-value = 0.88

Figs 2A and B: (A) LUS learning curve by time in minutes. Pearson’s correlation coefficient = −0.8717. p-value <0.0001 using linear regression analysis;
(B) IOC learning curve by time in minutes. Pearson’s correlation coefficient = −0.4788. p-value <0.0003 using linear regression analysis

World Journal of Laparoscopic Surgery, Volume 14 Issue 2 (May–August 2021) 71