Page 32 - WJOLS

Bashir Yunusa et al

it has clearly demonstrated that the 60º angle has shorter Second: Tables 2A to D showed readings of timing taken
operative time followed by 30 and then 90º. This is shown to clip a renal vessel in the swine at different manipulation
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in Graph 1 (Figs 1 and 2). angles which were validated by χ test and average
obtained. The average timing in seconds for 30, 60 and 90
Table 1B: Timing for surgeon’s knotting in upper urinary track
with manipulation angle 60º degree were 16.00, 11.10 and 30.20 respectively. Although,
Sl. (O-E) 2 Table 1D: Average timing of surgeon’s knotting in the region of
no. Observed (O) Expected (E) O-E (O-E) 2 E the upper urinary tract with respective manipulation
1 120 130.00 – 10 100 0.77 Manipulation angle 30 60 90
2 131 1 1 0.01 Average timing in seconds 221.20 130.00 283.95
3 118 – 12 144 1.11 c 2 27.06 15.88 21.81
4 128 – 2 4 0.03
5 160 30 900 6.92
6 138 8 64 0.49
7 127 – 3 9 0.07
8 140 10 100 0.77
9 120 – 3 9 0.07
10 127 11 121 0.93
11 141 8 64 0.49
12 138 6 36 0.28
13 136 8 64 0.49
14 138 6 36 0.28
15 113 – 17 289 2.22
16 119 – 11 121 0.93
17 129 – 1 1 0.01
18 130 0 0 0.00
19 129 – 1 1 0.01
20 131 1 1 0.01
2
Average timing = c = Graph 1: Average timing of surgeon’s knotting in
130.00 15.88 upper urinary tract
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p-value (30.144) > c , so data are reproducible
Table 1C: Timing for surgeon’s knot in upper urinary track with
manipulation angle 90º
Sl. Observed Expected (O-E) 2
no. (O) (E) O-E (O-E) 2 E
1 275 283.95 – 8.5 80.10 0.28
2 270 – 13.95 194.60 0.69
3 296 12.05 145.20 0.51
4 305 21.05 443.10 1.56
5 268 – 15.95 254.40 0.90
6 262 – 21.95 481.80 1.70
7 271 – 12.95 167.70 0.59
8 265 – 18.95 359.10 1.26
9 281 – 2.95 8.70 0.03
10 281 – 2.95 8.70 0.03
11 320 36.05 1299 4.58
12 270 – 13.95 194.60 0.69
13 290 6.05 36.60 0.13
14 298 14.05 197.40 0.70
15 273 – 10.95 119.90 0.42
16 268 – 15.95 254.40 0.90
17 315 31.05 964.10 3.40
18 309 25.05 964.10 2.21
19 294 10.05 101.00 0.36
20 268 15.95 254.40 0.90
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Average timing = c =
283.95 0.90 Fig. 1: the ports positioning for the upper tract
p-value > c , so data are reproducible tasks on the dummies
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