Page 11 - wjols
P. 11

Retroperitoneal Single-port Donor Nephrectomy through Lumbotomy Incision: An Experience of 30 Cases
            Reports in literature have shown the retroperitoneal approach has   references
                                       25
            a shorter time to renal artery control  which helps in early control
            of any major bleeding.                               1.  Wolfe RA, Ashby VB, Milford EL, et al. Comparison of mortality in all
                                                                    patients on dialysis, patients on dialysis awaiting transplantation,
               Single-site surgery usually requires special ports and   and recipients of a first cadaveric transplant. N Engl J Med
            angulated instruments which has actually limited the popularity   1999;341(23):1725–1730.
            of procedure due to higher costs and increased surgical difficulty.     2.  Hariharan S, Johnson CP, Bresnahan BA, et al. Improved graft survival
            Most of the commercially available ports have a small opening   after renal transplantation in the United States, 1988–1996. N Engl J
            in the abdominal wall which leads to clustering of instruments.   Med 2000;342(9):605–612.
            Angulated instruments were devised to circumvent this but they     3.  Ratner LE, Ciseck LJ, Moore RG, et al. Laparoscopic live donor
            increase the difficulty associated with this approach. The average   nephrectomy. Transplantation 1995;60(9):1047–1049.
            size of retrieval incision in this series was 7 cm and the Alexis port     4.  Nicholson ML, Elwell R, Kaushik M, et al. Health-related quality of
                                                                    life after living donor nephrectomy: a randomized controlled trial of
            assembly covered this incision and provided a wider space for   laparoscopic vs open nephrectomy. Transplantation 2011;91:457–461.
            motion of instruments. There was less fighting as the entry point of     5.  Dunn JF, NylanderJr WA, Richie RE, et al. Living related kidney
            instruments being mobile, it provided a wider range of motion as   donors. A 14 year experience. Ann Surg 1986;203(6):637–643. DOI:
            compared to commercially available ports. No special instruments   10.1097/00000658-198606000-00008.
            were required with this assembly and routine laparoscopic ports     6.  Nanidis TG, Antcliffe D, Kokkinos C, et al. Laparoscopic vs open live
            and instruments were used which has significant cost benefits to   donor nephrectomy in renal transplantation: a meta-analysis. Ann
            the patient over commercially available single ports.   Surg 2008;247(1):58–70. DOI: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e318153fd13.
               Most of the previously described retroperitoneal techniques      7.  Greco F, Hoda MR, Alcaraz A, et al. Laparoscopic living-donor
                                                                    nephrectomy: analysis of the existing literature. Eur Urol
            use balloon dilatation to create retroperitoneal space 26,27  but with   2010;58(4):498–509. DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2010.04.003.
            the translumbar approach, pneumoretroperitoneum could be     8.  Yang SC, Park DS, Lee DH, et al. Retroperitoneal endoscopic live donor
            reliably made under vision by using open surgical instruments.  nephrectomy: report of 3 cases. J Urol 1995;153(6):1884–1886. DOI:
               There have been concerns about retroperitoneal approach   10.1016/S0022-5347(01)67339-7.
            to prolong the operative time in donor surgery and prolonged     9.  Yagisawa T, Amano H, Ito F, et al. Adrenal hemangioma removed
            lateral positioning may lead to neural injuries. In our series, the time   by a retroperitoneoscopic procedure. Int J Urol 2001;8(8):457. DOI:
            taken to completion in initial few cases was higher but the average   10.1046/j.1442-2042.2001.00352.x.
            of 170.3 ± 52 minutes compared favorably with transperitoneal     10.  Gill IS, Uzzo RG, Hobart MG, et al. Laparoscopic retroperitoneal
                                                                    live donor nephrectomy for purpose of allotransplantation and
            cases at our center. The learning curve with retroperitoneal donor   autotransplantation. J Urol 2000;164(5):1500–1504. DOI: 10.1016/
            nephrectomy has been shown to be short in a retrospective   S0022-5347(05)67015-2.
            review of 120 cases where operative times improved rapidly after     11.  Flowers JL, Jacobs S, Cho E, et al. Comparison of open and
                                28
            performing 30 procedures.  It has been shown in various studies   laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy. Ann Surg 1997;226(4):483–489.
            that retroperitoneal approach leads to decreased operative time   DOI: 10.1097/00000658-199710000-00009.
            as time required to mobilize colon is saved and with a single-    12.  London E, Rudich S, McVicar J, et al. Equivalent renal allograft function
            site approach, time taken to place ports and later close them is   with Laparoscopic vs open live donor nephrectomy. Transplant Proc
            avoided. 29                                             1999;31(1–2):258–260. DOI: 10.1016/S0041-1345(98)01526-7.
               The homemade port assembly used in this series comprising     13.  Ratner LE, Kavoussi LR, Schulam PG, et al. Comparison of laparoscopic
                                                                    live donor nephrectomy vs the standard open approach. Transplant
            of Alexis wound retractor with a surgical glove, is cost-effective   Proc 1997;29(1–2):138–139. DOI: 10.1016/S0041-1345(96)00037-1.
            and easy to use. The glove sustained the standard intra-abdominal     14.  Merlin TL, Scott DF, Rao MM, et al. The safety and efficacy of
            pressure without any incidence of rupture. This assembly has   laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy: a systematic review.
            been used in few other studies which have documented its   Transplantation 2000;70(12):1659–1666. DOI: 10.1097/00007890-
            effectiveness. 30                                       200012270-00001.
                                                                 15.  Ryu DS, Park WJ, Oh TH. Retroperitoneal laparoendoscopic single-
            lIMItAtIons of technIque /study                         site surgery in urology: initial experience. J Endourol 2009;23(11):

                                                                    1857–1862. DOI: 10.1089/end.2009.0254.
            There may be difficulty initially in approaching lumbar fascia     16.  Pansadoro V. The posterior lumbotomy. BJU Int 2005;95(7):1121–1131.
                                                                    DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2005.05483.x.
            through this incision for the inexperienced as it is not a popularly     17.  Raman JD, Bensalah K, Bagrodia A, et al. Laboratory and clinical
            used approach. The working space is a bit limited as is any   development of single keyhole umbilical nephrectomy. Urology
            retroperitoneal approach but Alexis assembly with a glove adds   2007;70(6):1039–1042. DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2007.10.001.
            to the space and is usually adequate unless the patient is small in     18.  Raman JD, Bagrodia A, Cadeddu JA. Single incision, umbilical
            size. The limitations of the study include early experience with a   laparoscopic  vs  conventional  laparoscopic  nephrectomy:  a
            small sample size and that no comparison has been done with the   comparison of perioperative outcomes and short term measures
            standard transperitoneal approach. However, a randomized control   of convalescence. Eur Urol 2009;55(5):1198–1204. DOI: 10.1016/
            trial is already underway at our center to assess the outcomes of   j.eururo.2008.08.019.
            this approach.                                       19.  Andonian S, Rais-Bahrami S, Atalla MA, et al. Laparoendoscopic single-
                                                                    site Pfannenstiel vs standard Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy.
                                                                    J Endourol 2010;24(3):429–432. DOI: 10.1089/end.2009.0185.
            conclusIon                                           20.  Canes D, Berger A, Aron M, et al. Laparo-endoscopic single
                                                                    site (LESS) vs standard laparoscopic left donor nephrectomy:
            Single-site translumbar RPLDN is a feasible alternative approach   matched-pair comparison. Eur Urol 2010;57(1):95–101. DOI: 10.1016/
            to the donor surgery and can avoid the inherent risks associated   j.eururo.2009.07.023.
            with the transperitoneal technique. It has the potential to further     21.  Gupta A, Ahmed K, Kynaston HG, et al. Laparoendoscopic single-
            reduce the pain associated with the donor nephrectomy operation.  site donor nephrectomy (LESS-DN) vs standard laparoscopic donor


                                                        World Journal of Laparoscopic Surgery, Volume 13 Issue 2 (May–August 2020)   63
   6   7   8   9   10   11   12   13   14   15   16