Dr. SAMAR JAM EEL, D.MAS.
Obstetric and gynecologist
Member of Iraqi medical association
Member of Iraqi infertility association
MEMBER WORLD ASSOCIATION OF LAPAROSCOPIC SURGEONS
Project submitted toward completion of diploma in minimal access surgery ,World Laparoscopy Hospital, Gurugram, NCR Delhi .India ,august2007
Abstract:
However the fallopian tube discontinuity is the commenst type of sterilization in developing{1}country and has being considered as irreversible method of sterilization . many women under go reversal of sterilization.{2} the laparoscopic reanastmosis has revealed high pregnancy rate{3}.as compared with laprotomy the advantage less complication and short recovery time, the more dynamic approach over comes the limitation of open surgery making the laparoscope the last for tubal surgery. the pregnancy rate for laparoscopic tubal anastmosis 76 percent with this{ 4}. validation the technique now employed as a complete solution for all tubal surgery .the out come affecting by age of patient length of remaining tube for re canalization{ 5}and method of previous ligation and the time interval between sterilization and recanalisation so laparoscopic recanalisation were good and the results depend on the patient selection , operative technique [6].
Key word:
Laparoscope, recanalisation, previous sterilization
Introduction :
Laparoscopic tubal reanastmosis is one of the newest procedures. 8 . tubal sterilization is the most common operation in women any where, in which there is block of path way between egg and sperm and it is effective method of contraception , and it causes least tissue destruction like pomroy , clips and rings so these method amenable for tubal reversal , the tubal ligation considered an important constituent of national family planning and its performed in a young{5} women of low parity however some of them demand reversal for social and psychological causes , many of them have the operation electively { 7} .the fallopian tube10 are symmetrical paired tubular organ that connect the peritoneal cavity to endometrium in the uterine cavity and its attached to lateral wall of uterus just above the round ligament following fertilization the embryo continue traveling through fallopian tube and the fallopian tube gives the environment and condition for conception , fallopian tube divide into four parts the intra mural ,the isthmus ,the am pula and infandblum and fimberia ,average length of the tube is 10 cm and the width from 0.1to 1cm from uterine attachment till the fimberia the fallopian tube receive blood supply from tubal branches of uterine artery and small branches from ovarian artery and receive sensory and autonomic and vasomotor nerve fiber from inferior hypogastria plexus. reversal of sterilization is micro surgical procedure and has very high success rate specially if it is done by highly trained and experniced surgical sub specialist, women who have previously under go tubal ligation , cauterization , tubal clip application are exallant candidate for micro surgical tubal reversal. laparoscopic tubal anastmosis has become the standard care in tubal reposition and it is an out patient surgery so its coasty effective {8} the common site of sterilization is mid segment of the tube{ 6}. age of the women also one of the factors affecting the result ,they observed that the younger women have longer tubes and became pregnant earlier than the old. laparoscopic surgery for tubes relatively new{ 9 }and gradually considered an alterative to open laprotomy. the first laparoscopic tubal surgery was carried out 1992 over all cumulative pregnancy rate 60to70 percent and out come influence by length of healthy fallopian tube which is the left tube for repairing . success rate very acceptable when the length 4to6cm {1 }and those with best prognosis who have clip or ring or post partum ligation
Aims the aims of this study is evaluating t he efficacy safety and out come of laparoscopy surgery for tubal re canalization after sterilization also determine the factors affecting the reversal and influence the out come.
The following parameters were evaluated the out come :
- operating tine
- operating technique
- operative complication
- pregnancy rate
- hospital stay
- cost
- quality of life analysis
Material and method :
Literature search was performed using search engine Google ,high wire press .Springer link and library facility available at laparoscopic hospital .following search terms used laparoscopy, recanalsation .tubal sterilsation
Criteria of selection of papers were upon statically analysis .institute if they were specialized for laparoscopy . the way of management and operative technique.
MANGMENT initial history, physical examination and laboratory evaluation should focus on risk factors age is important the menstrual history is essential to evaluate the ovulatery function so for women above 35 year hormonal assay like fsh ,lh, estadiol is reflect the age factor ,also sperm count for the partner to make sure no any un expected problem , history of pelvic surgery and type of the sterilization, the time interval between sterilization and reversal, length of remaining healthy tube . , combined use of the hysterosalpengiogram 16and laparoscopy with dye use in diagnosis of the site of previous tubal sterilization some time it may give rise to false diagnosis because of tubal spasm . some of authors have suggested use of muscle relaxant such as terbutalin during the examination{ 11}. in addition to this, routine check of patient like blood test and x-ray and ultra sound and semen analysis. patient with tubal sterilization need meticulous investigation to avoid the the patient high morbidity associated with missed ectopic pregnancy 12 tubal re canalization procedure were carried out after menstrual cycle. the tubal reanastmosis is rejoining of fallopian tubes, in corneal reanastmosis temporary splinting of cut end was done by rompsonn vensection canula or epidural catheter and under 4 magnification power end to end anastmosis was done (muscular-muscular and sero-muscular){19}. with use of 8-0 suturing, some use three stitches technique with tubal canulation . they were use hydro cortisone irrigation during surgery with post operative antibiotic
procedure :
The surgery done under spinal or general anesthesia, the patient in lithotomic position in dwelling folly cathter,attach uterine manipulator with chromo perturbation operation start as diagnostic laparoscopy through single supra pubic trocar and if surgery established two additional 5mm trocar in right hypochondria and other in left upper quadrant the order of operation same as in open microsurgical operation start with transaction of tubal stump then remove scar tissue , approximate the meso salpenx , anastmose muscle and mucosa then approximate the serosal layer ,dilute vaso perrsin 1 in 50 injected for hamostasis and hydro dissection the proximal part grasped with fine forceps a and cut transversally with fine scissor the patency of tube determined leavage of indico carmine dye infused through uterine manipulation the occluded segment of thethe distal stump is raised with forceps and tube resects peperndiculy at most proximal edge creating lumen of appropriate diameter resection of scar tissue is prefer with micro needle or micro scissor the meso salpenix sutured with 6 0 pds by using 5mm micro needle holder each suture is tide intra corporally with three throws the muscle layer sutured by 7 pds 0 , then the tubal patency checked by identifying the flow of indico carmine dye through fimberia , warm lactated ringer to suture site for irrigation the operating field , serosal layer approximated with 6 0 pds interputed suture the tissue planes alignmentby using a traumatic technique by prolene 8-0 four suture at 12 ,6 ,3 and 9 clock were taken in the muscularis layer and serosa avoid mucosa and the knots faced serosa then heprinazed with normal saline 5000u/l as a constant irrigation .the patency was assured intra operatively by methyl in blue injection the new technique of microscopical tubal reanastmosis is highly successful surgical procedure there're multiple factor affecting the out come of procedure like length of tube left to be repaired the acceptable length 4 to 6 cm during operation we can give the patient prophylactic intravenous anti biotic and sedation as single dose to decrease post operative complication .highly advance technique da vanici in which re attach the fallopian tube and the women became pregnant after 1 to 8 cycle it is perfect tool for re joining the fallopian tube it is eliminate the potential proplems which inhernt by open surgery it can do it as out patint procdure in this procdure the pomero y method ther is cut and tie and it occur during casarean section or after vaginal delivery in this case use look for 1 to 2 inscion getting below the navel portion of tube in this method we they cut 0.5 to 1 cm from center of fallopian tube and tying of f the cut end the advantage of this method that the tube was good physiological health the dis advantage that the surgeon might cut big segment a nd lower success rate Other method of tubal sterilization reversal by da vanci is to tube sterilized by electr cautery in this method they ins ert small telescope below navel tube grasped in midl dle portion until become white and the heat of cautery spread up and down and some time dysteroying the majority of tube In clming and ring method of ligation there were high success rate so success rate in da vinci about 60 to 70 percentnt and risk of tubal pregnancy 10 percent n {16.}the one stitch technique give good approximation with short period of time { 13}
The surgical approach to fallopian tube reconstruction in three parts the intramural interstial obstruction this treated by tubal re implantation and . the isthmic portion occlsion by repairing isthmo isthmic reanastmosis and the mid portion which is frequent for tubal sterlity the procdure is by take the occluded part and repeatedly resected the first the proximal then distl until the tubal lumen is identified the patency of tube confirmed by retrograde chromotubation (proximal stump) and threading a piece of thin suture from the fimberial end toward area of anastmosis
Conclusion. with the increase the number of sterilization over the world so the need for their reversal is also growing. The Laparoscopic approach has several advantage over laprotony but it require specific skiils such as hand eye coordination while viwing procdure on video monitor and handling delicate instrument in restricted area The site of tubectomy hence the site of recanalization itis important factor in tuboctomy reversal, the isthmus of fallopian tube is ideal site of sterilization reversal so high percent of pregnancy after isthmo -isthmic recanalization the surgical out come of laparoscopic was benefit in terms of life quality and it were achieved through better laparoscopic technique and careful screening for surgical anastmosis regarding pregnancy out come there were good result over all . the laproscoic tubal surgery providing continuous magnification and closed environments making laparoscopy complete surgical tool 4} also laparoscopic technique has advantage of less post operative discomfort and fewer complication no incionl scar and shorter recovery of times about the cause of reversal it were found that loss of the children was the main cause, they found that recanalisation at the site of sterilsation is one of the causes of failure the under lying cause could be a pre existing proliferative disease of tube and might cause tubal pregnancy{7} the the good result found in age 20-40year women age. in all studies 2the short sterilization reanastmosis interval high result and with length of tube 8cm and above also good out come.
References
1.Edwardrrd.,swite450, Cincinnati , ohio
2.phll.pkalloand michalcooper
Department of gynae and obestet, university of new smith wales
Department of obest and gynae university of sydeny .austerlia
3.cristiain s.miranda,Antonio r. carrajal and paula venditti
Department of obstetric and gynae ,chili
Reproductive medicine division chili
4.CURRENT OPNION IN OBESTETAND GYNEA (11)4; 401 -407,AUGUST 1999.
5.jain m, jain p,GARG R ,TRIAPTHI,FM
{2007 AUGUST 163: 36-66-70
6.NIKELE NDKNGH
7.DENISE JJAMIESON,MD ,MPH SUSAN D.HILLIS,PHD
8.TSIND,MAHMOOD D Laparoscopic AND HYSTERSCOPIC APPROACH FOR TUBAL ANASTMOSIS LAPROENDO SCSURG.1993,3:63-6
9.LEECL,LAIYM,HAUNG HY,SOONG YK LAPROSCOIC RESCU AFTERTUBAL ANASTMOSIS FAILURE HUM REPROD 1995 JULY .10(7)
10.KRYSTENE,.BOLE,MD,STAFF PHYSCIAN
DEPARTMENT OF GYNAAND OBESTETRIC ,UNVERSITYOF NEW JERSY MEDICAL SCHOOL
11.CONFINO ETUR -KASPA I,DEHERNEYA, CORFOMAN R ,COULAM C ,ROBINSON E,HAAS G, KATZ E, VERMESH M,GLEICHER N TRANS CERVICAL BALLON TUBOPLSTY .AMULTICENTER .JAMA 1990 OCT 24-31
12.BADWAYS, GILMANT,MROZIEWICZ E
13NIKOS F VLAHOS, BRANDON J.BANKOWSKI,JRREMY A,KING,DIANNEA,SHILLER
JOURNAL OF LAPROSCPIC AND ADVANCED SURGICAL TECHNQUES 2007 180-185
DEPARTMENT DE OBTETRICA GINECOLGA
DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE
BANARA,HINDU UNVERSITY VARANASI,INDIADEPARTMENT OF PLASTIC SURGERY ,INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCINECE ,SANARA,HINDU UNVERSITY ,VARANASI,INDIA
16.COLLAGE AND AFFILATED LOK NAAYAK HOSPITAL
NEW DELHI :110002
17.P.J BARJOT G MARI AND P VON THEOBALD
GYNAE AND OBESTET DEPARTMENT ,CHRA ,AVENVE G.
CLEMENCEA,14033 CAEN CEDEX AND GYNAE AND OBESTET.UNIT ,CLINIQUE DELA BACAILLE ,50100 CHERBOURG , FRANCE
18. CENTER FOR SPECIAL MINIMALY INVASIVE SURGERY STANDFORD UNVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER , PALO ALTO . CALIFORNIA USA
19. JINDAL PRMILI, GILL BHAPINDER KAUR ,GUPTA SHWETA
DEPARTMENT OF GYNAE AND OBES , DAANAND MEDICAL COLLAGE HOSPITAL , LUDHIANA (PUNJAP)
20. BAD WAYS , GILMANT,MORZIEWICZ E
21 .DANILL JF ,MC TARISH G .COMBIND LAPROSCOPY AND MINILAPROTOMY IN OUT PATIANT REVERSAL OF TUBAL STERILISATION
22. EDAWARD RD , SUITE 450 ; CINCINNETI , OHIO 45209
23.BUENT BRKERR MD ,ALI MAHWI MD ,BABAC SHAHMOHAMEDY MD ,CAMRAN NEZHAT MD
