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Laparoscopic vs Open Transhiatal Esophagectomy
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               In an review article by Herbella et al.,  different types of MIE   proposal number 940066 and Ms. S  Beigoli and Ms. M Hassanpour
            and conventional open surgery were compared and finally they   for their kind assistance in preparing the paper.
            concluded that MIE has less mortality and morbidity with the
            same oncologic results, but in our study mortality was higher and   references
            morbidity was lower in MIE.
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               In a study by Khithani et al.,  no mortality was observed after     1.  Luketich JD, Pennathur A, Awais O, et al. Outcomes after minimally
                                                                    invasive esophagectomy: review of over 1000 patients. Ann Surg
            performing MIE using minilaparotomy. Interestingly, the major   2012;256(1):95–103. DOI: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3182590603.
            morbidity was pneumonia in 8 (24%) patients compared with     2.  Meng F, Li Y, Ma H, et al. Comparison of outcomes of open and
                                                            16
            0 in our study. But they had no cervical leak. A study by Lee et al.    minimally invasive esophagectomy in 183 patients with cancer.
            demonstrated that the only difference between MIE and open   J Thorac Dis 2014;6(9):1218–1224. DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-
            surgery is the abdominal operative time (90 ± 27.6 minutes in   1439.2014.07.20.
            the laparoscopic group vs 162 ± 97.3 minutes in the open group;     3.  Biere SS, Maas KW, Bonavina L, et al. Traditional invasive vs. minimally
            p < 0.001), which is consistent with our finding (76 ± 15 minutes vs   invasive esophagectomy: a multi-center, randomized trial (TIME-trial).
                                                                    BMC Surg 2011;11:2. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2482-11-2.
            125 ± 25 minutes, respectively, in laparoscopic and open group;     4.  Puntambekar S, Kenawadekar R, Pandit A, et al. Minimally invasive
            p < 0.05). They had a patient with pneumonia. Their mortality was   esophagectomy in the elderly. Indian J Surg Oncol 2013;4(4):326–331.
            3 in MIE group and 2 in the open group. Their results were better   DOI: 10.1007/s13193-013-0263-6.
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            than ours in terms of mortality. In another study by Gao et al.,  they     5.  Santin BJ, Price P. Laparoscopic transhiatal esophagectomy at a low-
            compared the MIE (thoracoscopy, minilaparotomy, and cervical   volume center. JSLS 2011;15(1):41–46. DOI: 10.4293/108680811X1302
            anastomosis) to open surgery. The operative time was higher in   2985131138.
            MIE group. They observed more pulmonary complications and     6.  Smithers BM, Gotley DC, Martin I, et al. Comparison of the outcomes
            anastomosis leakage in MIE group but mortality did not differ   between open and minimally invasive esophagectomy. Ann Surg
                                                                    2007;245(2):232–240. DOI: 10.1097/01.sla.0000225093.58071.c6.
            statistically in two groups.                          7.  Avery KN, Metcalfe C, Berrisford R, et al. The feasibility of a randomized
                                                                    controlled trial of esophagectomy for esophageal cancer—the
            conclusIon                                              ROMIO (Randomized Oesophagectomy: Minimally Invasive or Open)
                                                                    study: protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2014;15:200.
            In summary, previous studies demonstrated heterogeneous   DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-15-200.
            results, which may result from different patient selections,     8.  Beigoli S, Sharifi Rad A, Askari A, et al. Isothermal titration calorimetry
            different techniques, and study designs. Overall, we can conclude   and stopped flow circular dichroism investigations of the interaction
            that there are reports on MIE with more patients undergoing   between lomefloxacin and human serum albumin in the presence
            unique techniques and  involving better clarified  patient   of amino acids. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019;37(9):2265–2282. DOI:
            selection to prevent mortality, morbidity, and heterogeneity   10.1080/07391102.2018.1491421.
            of results.                                          9.  Briez N, Piessen G, Bonnetain F, et al. Open versus laparoscopically-
                                                                    assisted oesophagectomy for cancer: a multicentre randomised
               Preoperative location of tumor should be defined by   controlled phase III trial—the MIRO trial. BMC Cancer 2011;11:310.
            barium swallow and computed tomography scan. Endoscopic   DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-310.
            ultrasonography for clarifying the T stage of tumor is advocated for     10.  Luketich JD, Alvelo-Rivera M, Buenaventura PO, et al. Minimally
            all patients. We also advocate using total laparoscopic transhiatal   invasive esophagectomy: outcomes in 222 patients. Ann
            esophagectomy in tumors distal to carina level and early stage   Surg 2003;238(4):486–494; discussion 94–95. DOI: 10.1097/01.
            tumors. Preoperative chemoradiotherapy may decrease the bulk   sla.0000089858.40725.68.
            of tumor, thus optimizing the handling of tumor in the narrow     11.  Wallner G, Zgodzinski W, Masiak-Segit W, et al. Minimally invasive
            space of mediastinum though it may obscure the dissection   surgery for esophageal cancer—benefits and controversies.
                                                                    Kardiochir Torakochirurgia Pol 2014;11(2):151–155. DOI: 10.5114/
            planes.                                                 kitp.2014.43842.
                                                                 12.  Maas KW, Biere SS, Scheepers JJ, et al. Laparoscopic versus


            coMplIAnce wIth ethIcAl stAndArds                       open transhiatal esophagectomy for distal and junction cancer.
                                                                    Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2012;104(4):197–202. DOI: 10.4321/S1130-
            Informed Consent                                        01082012000400005.

            Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants     13.  Rodham P, Batty JA, McElnay PJ, et al. Does minimally invasive
            included in the study.                                  oesophagectomy provide a benefit in hospital length of stay when
                                                                    compared with open oesophagectomy? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac
                                                                    Surg 2016;22(3):360–367. DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivv339.
            Ethical Approval                                     14.  Herbella FA, Patti MG. Minimally invasive esophagectomy. World J
            All procedures performed in studies involving human part-  Gastroenterol 2010;16(30):3811–3815. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i30.3811.
            icipants were in accordance with the ethical standards of     15.  Khithani A, Jay J, Galanopoulos C, et al. Zero leaks with minimally
            ethics Committee of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences,   invasive esophagectomy: a team-based approach. JSLS
            Mashhad, Iran.                                          2009;13(4):542–549. DOI: 10.4293/108680809X12589998404326.
                                                                 16.  Lee JW, Sung SW, Park JK, et al. Laparoscopic gastric tube formation
                                                                    with pyloromyotomy for reconstruction in patients with esophageal
            AcknowledgMents                                         cancer. Ann Surg Treat Res 2015;89(3):17–23. DOI: 10.4174/
                                                                    astr.2015.89.3.117.
            The results described in this paper formed part of a thesis submitted     17.  Gao Y, Wang Y, Chen L, et al. Comparison of open three-field
            by the third author for a postgraduate degree in surgery. The   and minimally-invasive esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.
            authors hereby wish to thank the Research Department of Mashhad   Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2011;12(3):366–369. DOI: 10.1510/
            University of Medical Sciences for its support and approval of the   icvts.2010.258632.



             58   World Journal of Laparoscopic Surgery, Volume 12 Issue 2 (May–August 2019)
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