Page 28 - World Journal of Laparoscopic Surgery
P. 28

Our Experience with Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy
            or port site recurrence. 4–7  In the present study, the laparoscopic   •  Right-sided tumors.
            approach was adopted in all patients with adrenal tumors   •  History of past abdominal surgery.
            regardless of tumor size. Two patients were converted to open
            adrenalectomy because of large tumor size.            This information can help in appropriate counseling and taking
               However, the size of the tumor can be regarded as the most   of preoperative consent of candidates for LA.
            important factor for conversion. 8                    Laparoscopic adrenalectomy can also be carried out safely in
               In recent literature, contraindications for LA are invasive   a pregnant woman without harm to the fetus.
            adrenocortical carcinoma, large tumor >10–12 cm in diameter,
            and malignant adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secreting  references
            pheochromocytoma with lymphadenopathy and adrenocortical     1.  Gagner M, Lacroix A, Bolte E. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy in
                                     9
            carcinoma with caval thrombus.  Patients with malignancy or   Cushing’s syndrome and pheochromocytoma. N Eng J Med
            suspicion of malignancy were not included in the study.  1992;327(14):1033. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199210013271417.
               One patient in our study underwent bilateral LA for adrenal     2.  Chow GK, Blute ML. Surgery of the adrenal glands. In: Wein AJ,
            hyperplasia because of ectopic ACTH secreting adenoma in the   Kavoussi LR, Novick AC, Partin AW, Peters CA, ed. Campbell-Walsh
            lung. Here, the laparoscopic approach is much preferred when   Urology. 9th ed., Philadelphia: WB Saunder; 2007. pp. 1868–1888.
            compared with the open approach, as bilateral laparoscopic adrenal     3.  Tsuru N, Suzuki K. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy. J Min Access Surg
                                                                    2005;1(4):165–172.
            surgery leads to much less tissue injury in immunocompromised     4.  Henry JF, Defechereux T, Gramatica L, et al. Should laparoscopic
            patients with a risk of delayed wound healing. It also enables better   approach be proposed for large and/or potentially malignant adrenal
            visibility of the surgical field because of an additional advantage of   tumors? Langenbecks Arch Surg 1999;384(4):366–369. DOI: 10.1007/
            magnification, thus decreasing the risk for retained remnants and   s004230050215.
            adrenal rest tissue. 10                              5.  Hobart MG, Gill IS, Schweizer D, et al. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for
               Right adrenal gland—more retrocaval and a shorter adrenal   large-volume (> or = 5 cm) adrenal masses. J Endourol 2000;14(2):149–
            vein than left adrenal gland, so right side is a more challenging   154. DOI: 10.1089/end.2000.14.149.
                                                            11
            and time-consuming procedure than left-sided adrenalectomy.      6.  MacGillivray DC, Whalen GF, Malchoff CD, et al. Laparoscopic
            However, Po-Hui Chiang et al. did not find any difference in   resection of large adrenal tumors. Ann Surg Oncol 2002;9(5):480–485.
                                                                    DOI: 10.1007/BF02557272.
            conversion rates based on the laterality of tumors. 12     7.  Henry JF, Sebag F, Iacobone M, et al. Results of laparoscopic
                                 13
               Prior abdominal surgery  leads to prolonged operating times,   adrenalectomy for large and potentially malignant tumors. World J
            increased technical difficulty, increased risk in initial entry into   Surg 2002;26(8):1043–1047. DOI: 10.1007/s00268-002-6666-0.
            the abdominal cavity, and increased chances of causing injury to     8.  Shen ZJ, Chen SW, Wang S, et al. Predictive factors for conversion of
            the surrounding organs. Morris et al. showed a trend for longer   laparoscopic adrenalectomy: a 13 year review of 456 cases. J Endourol
            operative times in patients with previous surgery; however, the   2007;21(11):1333–1337. DOI: 10.1089/end.2006.450.
            difference was not significant. 14                   9.  Young Jr WF, Thompson GB. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for patients
               Pheochromocytomas, being larger and more vascular when   who have Cushing’s syndrome. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am
                                                                    2005;34(2):489–499. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2005.01.006.
            compared with other adrenal neoplasms, are a challenge to resect     10.  Young Jr WF, Thompson GB. Role for laparoscopic adrenalectomy
            and lead to more complications, longer operative times, and more   in patients with Cushing’s syndrome. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab
            conversions to open procedure. 15                       2007;51(8):1349–1354. DOI: 10.1590/S0004-27302007000800021.
               Zografos et al., in their study, have linked obesity with a higher     11.  Rieder JM, Nisbet AA, Wuerstle MC, et al. Differences in left and right
            incidence of conversions because of difficult cannula placement,   laparoscopic adrenalectomy. JSLS 2010;14(3):369e73. DOI: 10.4293/1
            excessive intraperitoneal fat obscuring the anatomy, excessively   08680810X12924466007520.
            thick abdominal wall causing difficulties in the manipulation of     12.  Chiang PH, Yu CJ, Lee WC, et al. Is right-sided laparoscopic
            instruments, thereby leading to longer operating times. 16  adrenalectomy truly more challenging than left-sided? the 10
                                                                    year experience of a single institute. Urol Sci 2013;24:117–119. DOI:
                                                                    10.1016/j.urols.2013.07.001.
            conclusIon                                           13.  Curet M. Special problems in laparoscopic surgery: previous
                                                                    abdominal surgery, obesity, and pregnancy. Surg Clin North Am
            Laparoscopic adrenalectomy can be adopted even for large adrenal
                                                                    2000;80(4):1093–1110. DOI: 10.1016/S0039-6109(05)70215-2.
            lesions and is safe and feasible. The laparoscopic attempt should     14.  Morris L, Ituarte P, Zarnegar R, et al. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy
            be given even for large and malignant adrenal tumors; however,   after prior abdominal surgery. World J Surg 2008;32(5):897–903. DOI:
            conversion to open surgery should not be delayed to avoid an   10.1007/s00268-007-9438-z.
            adverse outcome.                                     15.  Chan J, Meneghetti AT, Meloche RM, et al. Prospective comparison
               There is an increased risk of conversion to open surgery in   of early and late experience with laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Am J
            patients with:                                          Surg 2006;191(5):682–686. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2006.01.042.
                                                                 16.  Zografos GN, Markou A, Ageli C, et al. Laparoscopic surgery for
            •  Large tumors (≥5 cm), (size—most important).         adrenal tumors: a retrospective analysis. Hormones (Athens)
            •  Malignancy.                                          2006;5(1):52–56. DOI: 10.14310/horm.2002.11168.












                                                 World Journal of Laparoscopic Surgery, Volume 13 Issue 3 (September–December 2020)  127
   23   24   25   26   27   28   29   30   31   32   33