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Laparoscopic vs Open Surgical Management of Adhesive Bowel Obstruction in Children
            thick vascular bands away from the bowel wall. We always run      7.  O’Connor DB, Winter DC. The role of laparoscopy in the management
            the bowel from duodeno-jejunal junction till ileo-caecal area   of acute small-bowel obstruction: a review of over 2000 cases. Surg
            to make sure we lyse all adhesions and to inspect the bowel   Endosc 2012;26(1):12–17. DOI: 10.1007/s00464-011-1885-9.
            for any iatrogenic injury. While comparing intraoperative and     8.  Apelt N, Featherstone N, Giuliani S. Laparoscopic treatment for
            postoperative complications in our open laparotomy group and   adhesive small bowel obstruction: is it the gold standard in children
            laparoscopic group we observed that serosal tear happened in   too? Surg Endosc 2013;27(10):3927–3928. DOI: 10.1007/s00464-013-
                                                                    2891-x.
            20 out of 42 open surgery cases while no such injuries occurred     9.  Anderson SA, Beierle EA, Chen MK. Role of laparoscopy in the
            in laparoscopic group. This could be because of the fact that in   prevention and in the treatment of adhesions. Semin Pediatr Surg
            laparoscopic group adhesions were divided more precisely and   2014;23(6):353–356. DOI: 10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2014.06.007.
            always under magnified vision. Serosal tears and subsequent     10.  Alemayehu H, David B, Desai AA, et al. Laparoscopy for small bowel
            bleeding could be one of the reasons for prolonged ileus in   obstruction in children-An Update. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech
            open surgery cases. In 15 (35%) out of 42 cases managed by open   A 2015;25(1):73–76. DOI: 10.1089/lap.2014.0228.
            laparotomy resection anastomosis of the intestine was done which     11.  Devens K. Recurrent intestinal obstruction in the neonatal period.
                                                                    Arch Dis Child 1963;38:118–119. DOI: 10.1136/adc.38.198.118.
            will definitely delay recovery of intestinal function. Laparoscopic     12.  Janik JS, Ein SH, Filler RM, et al. An assessment of the surgical treatment
            incisions have a lower incidence of wound related complications   of adhesive small bowel obstruction in infants and children. J Pediatr
            and this was evident in our study as well where six cases had   Surg 1981;16(3):225–229. DOI: 10.1016/S0022-3468(81)80669-0.
            seroma or wound infection in laparotomy group. There was no     13.  Akgur FM, Tanyel FC, Buyukpamukcu N, et al. Adhesive small
            wound related complication in laparoscopic group which could be   bowel obstruction in children: the place and predictors of success
            one reason for shorter hospital stay in this group of patients. Lee     for conservative treatment. J Pediatr Surg 1991;26:37–41. DOI:
            et al. studied a large, pediatric administrative database to examine   10.1016/0022-3468(91)90422-P.
            the management of adhesive small bowel obstruction and found     14.  Vijay K, Anindya C, Bhanu P, et al. Adhesive small bowel obstruction
            that laparoscopic treatment was associated with shorter median   (ASBO) in children—role of conservative management. Med J
                                                                    Malaysia 2005;60(1):81–84.
            length of stay (6 vs 8 days), lower postoperative complication rates     15.  Murphy FL, Sparnon AL. Long-term complications following intestinal
                                                    25
            (5.6% vs 10.4%), and lower mean total hospital costs.  Although   malrotation and the Ladd’s procedure: a 15-year review. Pediatr Surg
            our study has limitations like retrospective nature of the study   Int 2006;22(4):326–329. DOI: 10.1007/s00383-006-1653-4.
            and small sample size but our results are encouraging to continue     16.  Tsao KJ, St Peter SD, Valusek PA, et al. Adhesive small bowel
            laparoscopic management of adhesive bowel obstruction. Results   obstruction after appendectomy in children: comparison between
            from our study indicate that time to start oral feeds (2.5 vs 5.9   the laparoscopic and open approach. J Pediatr Surg 2007;42(6):
            days), length of hospital stay in days (5.5 vs 11.3), and serosal   939–942. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2007.01.025[discussion 942].
            tear rate (0 vs 20), need for resection anastomosis (0 vs 15) were     17.  Aguayo P, Ho B, Fraser JD, et al. Bowel obstruction after treatment of
            significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) in laparoscopic group in comparison   intra-abdominal tumors. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2010;20(4):234–236. DOI:
                                                                    10.1055/s-0030-1253401.
            to open laparotomy group. Thus, we conclude that laparoscopic     18.  Wilkins BM, Spitz L. Incidence of postoperative adhesion obstruction
            management of adhesive bowel obstruction in children can   following neonatal laparotomy. Br J Surg 1986;73(9):762–764. DOI:
            be safely carried out by an experienced laparoscopic pediatric   10.1002/bjs.1800730929.
            surgeon and it is associated with better outcome in form of     19.  Jolley SG, Tunell WP, Hoelzer DJ, et al. Postoperative small bowel
            early starting of oral feeds, shorter length of hospital stay, and   obstruction in infants and children: a problem following Nissen
            less complications in comparison to open laparotomy although   fundoplication. J Pediatr Surg 1986;21(5):407–409. DOI: 10.1016/
            more randomized control studies are required to support our   S0022-3468(86)80509-7.
            observations.                                        20.  Mancini GJ, Petroski GF, Lin WC, et al. Nationwide impact of
                                                                    laparoscopic lysis of adhesions in the management of intestinal
                                                                    obstruction in the US. J Am Coll Surg 2008;207(4):520–526. DOI:
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             92   World Journal of Laparoscopic Surgery, Volume 12 Issue 3 (September–December 2019)
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