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Laparoscopy: A See- and -treat Modality for LAP in Females
            (n = 7) cases were converted to the open procedure for therapeutic     4.  Howard FM. Chronic pelvic pain. Am College Obstet and Gynecolog
            intervention. Studies like Arya and Gaur, Bareeq and Dayna, and   2003;101(3):594–611. DOI: 10.1097/00006250-200303000-00029.
            Teamma also converted laparoscopy into therapeutic laparotomy     5.  Porpora MG, Gomel V. The role of laparoscopy in the management
            in 13.5, 2, and 6.4% cases, respectively. 7,8,14  The reasons behind   of pelvic pain in women of reproductive age. Fertil Steril 1997;68(5):
            the conversion in their studies were early experience, extensive   765–779. DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(97)00192-1.
            adhesions, bowel resection, and technical fault.     6.  Morino M, Pellegrino L, Castagna E, et al. Acute nonspecific abdominal
                                                                    pain a randomized, controlled trial comparing early laparoscopy
            Limitations                                             versus clinical observation. Annals Surg 2006;244(6):881–888. DOI:
                                                                    10.1097/01.sla.0000246886.80424.ad.
            Transvaginal ultrasound was not done, which is more sensitive      7.  Arya PK, Gaur KJBS. Laparoscopy: a tool in diagnosis of lower
            and specific for detecting pelvic pathology. Preoperative and   abdominal pain. Indian J Surg 2004;66:216–220.
            postoperative pain scoring, to assess the resolution of pain, was     8.  Al-Bareeq R, Dayna KB. Diagnostic laparoscopy in acute abdominal
            not done.                                               pain: 5-year retrospective series. Bahrain Med Bull 2007;29:1–5.
                                                                 9.  Ali SAS, Moosa FA, Sultan N, et al. Role of diagnostic laparoscopy
            conclusIon                                              in recurrent vague abdominal pain. J Surg Pakistan (International)
                                                                    2013;18(2):74–77.
            Laparoscopy can be considered as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool
            in acute, subacute, and chronic LAP. It can also be considered as     10.  Baria KAK. Role of laparoscopy in diagnosis and management of
                                                                    chronic abdominal pain. Indian J Sci Res 2013;4(1):65–68.
            the first-line minimally invasive investigation for undiagnosed LAP.    11.  Kang S-B, Chung HH, Lee H-P, et al. Impact of diagnostic
                                                                    laparoscopy on the management of chronic pelvic pain. Surg Endosc
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              1.  Rapkin AJ, Howe CN. Pelvic pain and dysmenorrhea. In Berek &     12.  Moussa GI, Mahfouz AE. Role of laparoscopy in management of
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                2011. pp. 506–540.                                  22–29.
              2.  Karnath BM, Breitkopf DM. Acute and chronic pelvic pain in women.     13.  Kumar A, Sarwar MY, Pandey NK. Role of diagnostic laparoscopy in
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              3.  RCOG 2012. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. The   Med Dent Sci 2013;2(48):9361–9366. DOI: 10.14260/jemds/1622.
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             54   World Journal of Laparoscopic Surgery, Volume 13 Issue 1 (January–April 2020)
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