Page 41 - World Journal of Laparoscopic Surgery
P. 41

Secondary Live Abdominal Ectopic Pregnancy
                                                                                                               10
                                                                                          9
                                                                          8
            adherent to the lateral pelvic wall and sent for histopathology.   (Fujishita et al.,  1980; Vermesh et al.,  1989; Brumsted et al., 1988 ).
            Right ureter peristalsis visualized. Homeostasis was achieved.   Conclude that laparoscopic management of ectopic pregnancy
            Abdominal drain was introduced. The postoperative period was   results in less postoperative adhesions, significantly less blood loss,
            uneventful (Fig. 1).                               reduced postoperative analgesia, and reduced cost. Consequently,
                                                               laparoscopy is the preferred option in the surgical management of
                                                               ectopic pregnancy. However, in a critically ill patient, laparotomy
                                                               may continue to have a role because of its swiftness to access the
                                                               abdomen and securing bleeding vessels. Patients with ectopic
                                                               pregnancy in the ampulla of the tube are the ideal candidate for
                                                               salpingostomy. Linear salpingostomy can be tried out but not very
                                                               successful in the management of a pregnancy lodged in isthmus
                                                               because lumen is so small that it erodes muscularis. The prognosis
                                                               of the patient with an ectopic pregnancy is good for those with an
                                                               early diagnosis. The earlier the diagnosis is made, and treatment is
                                                               administered higher the likelihood of subsequent fertility.

                                                               conclusIon
                                                               With this case report, we highlighted, the medical emergency that
                                                               diagnosed should be managed promptly. Proper preoperative
                                                               evaluation, use of systemic methotrexate, availability of
                                                               multidisciplinary surgical team and proper operative technique
                                                               like minimal invasive surgery is invaluable in modern era when
                                                               incidence of ectopic pregnancy is increasing due to parallel increase
                                                               in etiological factor-like sexually transmitted diseases and assisted
                                                               reproductive techniques by early detection with transvaginal
                                                               ultrasound and CT scan which can reduce maternal mortality
                                                               and morbidity, offer the couple a more optimistic outlook for
                                                               subsequent reproductive potential and reduce mental, emotional
                                                               trauma to the patient.

                                                               references
                                                                 1.  Worley KC, Hnat MD, Cunningham FG. Advanced extrauterine
                                                                    pregnancy: diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Am J Obstet
                                                                    Gynecol 2008;198(3):297.E1–297.E7. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.09.044.
                                                                 2.  Nama V, Gyampoh B, Karoshi M, et al. Secondary abdominal
                                                                    appendicular ectopic pregnancy. J Minim Invasive Gynecol
                                                                    2007;14(4):516–517. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2007.02.005.
                                                                 3.  Chui AK, Lo KW, Choi PC, et al. Primary hepatic pregnancy. ANZ J Surg
                                                                    2001;71(4):260–261. DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1622.2001.02085.x.
                                                                 4.  Yagil Y, Beck-Razi N, Amit A, et al. Splenic pregnancy: the role of
                                                                    abdominal imaging. J Ultrasound Med 2007;26(11):1629–1632. DOI:
                                                                    10.7863/jum.2007.26.11.1629.
                                                                 5.  Masukume G. Live births resulting from advanced abdominal
                                                                    extrauterine pregnancy, a review of cases reported from 2008 to
                                                                    2013. Obstet Gynecol 2014;5(1):WMC004510.
                                                                 6.  Goldner TE, Lawson HW, Xia Z, et al. Surveillance for ectopic
                                                                    pregnancy: United States, 1970-1989. MMWR CDC Surveill Summ
                                                                    1993;42(6):73–85.
                                                                  7.  Marchbanks PA, Annegers JF, Coulam CB, et al. Risk factors for ectopic
                                                                    pregnancy. a population-based study. JAMA 1998;259(12):1823–1827.
            Fig. 1: Ultrasound films showing the gestational age of the fetus and   DOI: 10.1001/jama.1988.03720120027030.
            its location                                         8.  Fujishita A, Masuzaki H, Newaz Khan K, et al. Laparoscopic
                                                                    salpingotomy for tubal pregnancy: comparison of linear salpingotomy
                                                                    with and without suturing. Hum Reprod 2004;19(5):1195–1200. DOI:
            dIscussIon                                              10.1093/humrep/deh196.
            During the past three decades, the incidence of ectopic pregnancy     9.  Vermesh M, Presser SC. Reproductive outcome after linear
            has increased exponentially from 20,000 to 70,000 cases per year   salpingostomy for ectopic gestation: a prospective 3-year follow-up.
                                                                    Fertil Steril 1992;57(3):682–684. DOI: 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)54921-8.
                                                            6
            (ectopic pregnancy-United States, 1995; Tait, 1884; Goldner et al.,      10.  Brumsted JR, Nakajima ST, Badger G, et al. Serum concentration of
                                            7
            1993; NCHS, 1994; Marchbanks et al., 1988).  While the case fatality   ca-125 during the first trimester of normal and abnormal pregnancies.
            rate has declined significantly. The analysis of different studies   J Reprod Med 1990;35(5):499–502.



                                                        World Journal of Laparoscopic Surgery, Volume 12 Issue 2 (May–August 2019)  87
   36   37   38   39   40   41