Page 6 - World Journal of Laparoscopic Surgery

An Interventional Analytic Study
training, the serious game training group of the present study had references
significantly shorted operation and a lower number of attempts
needed to complete the operation without complications. 1. De Paolis LT, editor Serious game for laparoscopic suturing training.
IEEE Sixth International Conference on Complex, Intelligent, and
However, no significant correlation was found between gender Software Intensive Systems; 2012.
and performance. 2. Hassler KR, Collins JT, Philip K, et al. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Kowalewski et al. evaluated the validity of a mobile serious StatPearls 2022.
game application named Touch Surgery™ for training and 3. Hori T, Oike F, Furuyama H, et al. Protocol for laparoscopic cholecyste-
assessment of LC skills. Fifty-four surgeons and 51 medical students ctomy: is it rocket science? World J Gastroenterol 2016;22(47):10287–
completed the study. Surgeons outperformed the medical students 10303. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i47.10287.
in all three modules, including patients’ preparations, access and 4. Scott DJ, Bergen PC, Rege RV, et al. Laparoscopic training on bench
laparoscopy, and LC skills. All the participants agreed that the models: better and more cost effective than operating room
experience? J Am Coll Surg 2000;191(3):272–283. DOI: 10.1016/s1072-
application was realistic and useful. The students took 2–4 attempts 7515(00)00339-2.
to achieve a 100% score of the serious game. They concluded that 5. Graafland M, Ten Cate O, van Seventer JP, et al. Mapping the demand
Touch Surgery™ contains acceptable construct, face, and content for serious games in postgraduate medical education using the
validity in learning cognitive LC aspects and could accompany entrustable professional activities framework. Games Health J
6
virtual reality training in a multimodal LC training approach. The 2015;4(5):381–386. DOI: 10.1089/g4h.2014.0129.
serious game design in the present study was based on the Touch 6. Kowalewski KF, Hendrie JD, Schmidt MW, et al. Validation of the
Surgery system. Similarly, we observed acceptable content validity mobile serious game application Touch Surgery™ for cognitive
and reliability. training and assessment of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg
Endosc 2017;31(10):4058–4066. DOI: 10.1007/s00464-017-5452-x.
The results of the present study, adjunct with the results of 7. Graafland M, Bemelman WA, Schijven MP. Game-based training
earlier investigations, reveal that using serious games could help improves the surgeon’s situational awareness in the operation room:
the junior residents in mastering basic LC skills. However, the a randomized controlled trial. Surg Endosc 2017;31(10):4093–4101.
present study was not without limitations. The main limitation of DOI: 10.1007/s00464-017-5456-6.
the study was the small number of participants. The proportion 8. Haubruck P, Nickel F, Ober J, et al. Evaluation of app-based serious
of female participants was also significantly smaller than the gaming as a training method in teaching chest tube insertion to
male population. Therefore, future investigations should focus on medical students: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res
2018;20(5):e195. DOI: 10.2196/jmir.9956.
resolving these limitations to unlock the full potential of serious 9. Knight JF, Carley S, Tregunna B, et al. Serious gaming technology in
games for training LC skills. major incident triage training: a pragmatic controlled trial. Resuscita-
tion 2010;81(9):1175–1179. DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.03.042.
conclusIon 10. Middeke A, Anders S, Schuelper M, et al. Training of clinical reasoning
with a serious game versus small-group problem-based learning:
Touch Surgery™-based serious game contain acceptable content a prospective study. PLoS One 2018;13(9):e0203851. DOI: 10.1371/
validly in training LC skills. Compared to traditional training, it journal.pone.0203851.
results in higher skill scores on the pre-surgical theory test, lower 11. Dankbaar MEW, Richters O, Kalkman CJ, et al. Comparative
number of attempts needed to reach an 80% skill score, shorter effectiveness of a serious game and an e-module to support patient
surgical duration, lower number of attempts needed to complete safety knowledge and awareness. BMC Med Educ 2017;17(1):30. DOI:
the operation without complications, and higher final skills score. 10.1186/s12909-016-0836-5.
Therefore, broader usage of serious games for LC training is 12. Cain J, Piascik P. Are serious games a good strategy for pharmacy
education? Am J Pharm Educ 2015;79(4):47. DOI: 10.5688/ajpe79447.
recommended. 13. Haoran G, Bazakidi E, Zary N. Serious games in health professions
education: review of trends and learning efficacy. Yearb Med Inform
AcknowledgMents 2019;28(1):240–248. DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1677904.
14. Ijgosse W, van Goor H, Rosman C, et al. Construct validity of a serious
The authors would like to thank all residents of the Iran University game for laparoscopic skills training: validation study. JMIR Serious
of Medical Sciences for their contribution to the study. Games 2020;8(2):e17222. PMID: 32379051.

102 World Journal of Laparoscopic Surgery, Volume 15 Issue 2 (May–August 2022)