Laparoscopic tubal ligation is a surgical family planning sterilization procedure in which a woman's fallopian tubes are either clamped and blocked or severed and sealed. There are two type of tubal sterilization procedure. Disadvantages of laparoscopic tubal ligation include the need for anesthesia and cost of laparoscopic equipment. The laparoscopic tubal sterilization procedure is usually performed under general anesthesia, which has its own risks. There is inherent risk with any minimal access surgery in which the peritoneal cavity is entered, including the rare risks of bowel injury, hemorrhage through great vessels, transfusion, and, with some sterilization methods, thermal injury. All sterilization methods have risks of failure and regret.
1. Destructive
- Unipolar,
- Bipolar
- Coagulation using thermal cautery
- Fallope ring,
- Hulka clip,
- Filshie clip
Both methods prevent eggs from being fertilized. Tubal ligation is a permanent method of sterilization. The percentage of couples who used sterilization doubled from 1973 (16%) to 1998 (36%).
Advantages of Laparoscopic Sterilization:
- Diagnostic advantage
- Less pain postoperatively
- Low intra & postoperative complications
- Early return to work
- Cosmetically better outcome
- Less tissue dissection and disruption of tissue planes
Early Complication
- Injury to viscera
- Hemorrhage
- Infection
- Other complications related to laparoscopy
Late Complication
- Re-canalization of tubes