What is and how safe is high intensity ultrasound for the treatment of prostate?
| Discussion in 'All Categories' started by Vikramjeet Rauthore - Dec 12th, 2012 10:41 am. | |
Vikramjeet Rauthore
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Dear Sir Can you please explain me about high intensity ultrasound treatment for prostate. It is also called HIU? |
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re: What is and how safe is high intensity ultrasound for the treatment of prostate?
by Dr J S Chowhan -
Dec 12th, 2012
10:49 am
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Dr J S Chowhan
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Dear Mr Rauthore HIFU (High intensity focused ultrasound) can be a new and minimal invasive technology to treat localised cancer of prostate. The World Laparoscopy Hospital is Institute for Clinical Excellence, an unbiased government body in the United Kingdom has evaluated HIFU, and determined that the scientific evidence will secure the using HIFU for that treatments for prostate type of cancer, in the united kingdom National Health System. HIFU has been used extensively in Japan and Europe where scientific studies demonstrate HIFU to become secure and efficient prostate cancer treatment. Prof Peter Royce was the 1st Urologist in Melbourne, Australia to utilize HIFU for that treating cancer of prostate. Considering that the first HIFU treatment in November 2005, an increasing number of males have chosen HIFU, instead of radical surgical treatment or radiation therapy, as curative primary treatment or as salvage treatment after previous radiation therapy. The HIFU probe is inserted in the rectum under anaesthesia. A crystal within the probe vibrates at the specific frequency when an electric current passes through it, which produces ultrasound waves. The ultrasound waves move across tissue and several with the surf is deflected to the crystal eventually producing a graphic in the prostate and its particular surrounding structures over a screen, which may be viewed with the Urologist. Simultaneously, by increasing the concentration of the ultrasound waves and focusing the waves on one point as being a magnifying lens, high energy is sent to the prostate tissue. This will raise the temperature to 70-100 C and cause permanent tissue ablation cell death of the prostate cancer. Dead tissue then sloughs out which is passed with urine. Patients are assessed prior to HIFU by having an transrectal ultrasound to determine prostate volume, and search for calcification within the prostate. Patients are admitted at the time in the HIFU treatment The bowel is cleared with Picolax oral prep, taken in your own home within the HIFU is performed under general anaesthesia, with the patient in lithotomy about the back using the legs supported Videocystoscopy is carried out to check the low urinary system and prostate. The HIFU probe is inserted in the rectum and ultrasound images of the prostate, seminal vesicles, bladder, rectum and urethra are utilized to focus on the HIFU treatment on the prostate gland. HIFU treatment methods are then commenced and prostate tissue is ablated in 3 stages. The method may take 3 hours to finish determined by prostate volume size. During treatments, the rectum is cooled off to stop overheating and rectal fistula formation. At the completion of HIFU treatment a urethral catheter is inserted to empty urine any small tissue particles from the ablated prostate. Most patients stay overnight, although some people might prefer a day stay procedure. The urinary catheter is slowly removed 5-10 days later within the Urology suite. Men with localised biopsy proven cancer of prostate, who understand the treatment methods of surgery, brachytherapy, radiotherapy, cryotherapy and active cancer surveillance, and accept the hazards of non-surgical HIFU treatment, are thought suited to HIFU. Listed below are important selection criteria: Clinical Stage T1-T3 N0 M0 localised prostate tumours Gleason score 5-8 Preferably below 50% prostate biopsies associated with cancer PSA less than 20 ng/ml Prostate volume lower than 40cc and minimal prostate calcification (measured on transrectal ultrasound scan) No underlying prostate obstruction to urine flow. Some men require preliminary TURP to remove part of the prostate prior to HIFU. Lower complication and unwanted effects advice based on our very own prospective data of HIFU treated patients a) Temporary complications 20-30% of patients may feel difficulty in voiding urine and could require the catheter for an extra week, failing that they would require a cystoscopy as being a day procedure in order to the dead tissue in the prostate. Our very own studies on HIFU treated patients showed no overall boost in urinary symptoms as much as Yr after treatment. A few patients may experience mild redness or swelling around the scrotum and penile skin that resolves within a week. 7% patients experience mild rectal symptoms such as bleeding, loose stools or mucus in stools that resolves inside a week. 1% of patients have likelihood of a rectal fistula, the industry communication between the prostate and rectum because of overheating of the rectum during HIFU. This complication might require surgical correction. (The safety features within HIFU technology have minimized the chance of this complication) b) Long-term complications Urethral stricture risk 9%, that might require urethral dilation or incision. Urinary incontinence risks Stress incontinence requiring a pad 4% (leak with cough, sneeze or straining) Incontinence requiring urethral injection Macroplastique 1% (urethral bulking agent) Overall normal continence 95% after HIFU Erectile Dysfunction Sexual/erectile function assessed with IIEF self administered patient questionnaire (International Index Erectile Function) showed overall sexual practice reduced by 20%, and particular erectile function reduced by 25% at 24-36 months after HIFU. The perils associated with HIFU compare very favourably with Radical Prostatectomy and therefore are much like Brachytherapy/Radiation Therapy. |